Abstract: A method of manufacture of a Kratom-derived formulation for oral, and buccal delivery comprising Mitragyna speciosa-derived compounds (e.g., mitragynine) formulated with phospholipids is disclosed. Kratom-derived extracts have dramatically improved organoleptic properties and enhanced bioavailability when formulated with phospholipids as compared to standard extracts. Also disclosed herein are methods of transmucosal administration of the formulation having phospholipids with Kratom-derived substances. The methodology is directly applicable to other botanical extracts as well as other substances requiring improved organoleptic properties.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods to identify ISG15 target proteins, methods to identify compounds that alter the conjugation of ISG15 with target proteins, methods for altering the level of ISG15-conjugated protein in a patient or a sample, methods to diagnose a patient having a malcondition characterized by an altered level of ISG15-conjugated protein, ISG15-conjugates, methods to treat cancer by promoting conjugation of a target protein to ISG15, and antibodies that selectively bind to ISG15-conjugates.