Abstract: Asymmetric depth filtration for isolation of EVs or other desired nanoparticles from a biological or other fluid with high yield and purity in a simple, cost-effective manner. Such a method includes passing the biological fluid through the asymmetric depth filter (e.g., in a single pass) where the fluid is introduced into the filter at an entry portion, where components of the biological fluid pass through the wider entry portion of the pores before advancing towards the narrower exit portion of the pores, wherein EVs in the fluid become reversibly entrapped within the wider portion of the pores, while similarly sized soft, low-density lipids and/or proteins are pushed more deeply into the filter, so that the reversibly entrapped EVs can be released by simply reversing the flow, while the similarly sized soft low-density lipids and/or proteins remain permanently entrapped within the pores of the filter.

Abstract: An ultrasonic thermometer for measuring a temperature profile along a measurement axis of a structure, comprising a continuous measurement pathway of a structure (310) having a longitudinal measurement axis and proximal (202) and distal ends (204), and at least two backscatterers (332) formed therein transverse to the longitudinal axis and separated by a predetermined separation distance.

Abstract: An ultrasonic thermometer for measuring a temperature profile along a measurement axis of a structure, comprising a continuous measurement pathway of a structure (310) having a longitudinal measurement axis and proximal (202) and distal ends (204), and at least two backscatterers (332) formed therein transverse to the longitudinal axis and separated by a predetermined separation distance.

Abstract: An ultrasonic thermometer for measuring a temperature profile along a measurement axis of a solid structure, comprising a continuous measurement pathway of a solid structure (310) having a longitudinal measurement axis and proximal (202) and distal ends (204), and at least two backscatterers (332) formed therein transverse to the longitudinal axis and separated by a predetermined separation distance.

Abstract: A system and method by which thickness of a dielectric film on substrates can be noninvasively determined is invented. The system and method are especially applicable to areas and applications where traditional techniques have proven unsuccessful or limited. According to embodiments of the present invention the present system and method can be used to measure film thickness in confined and inaccessible locations, and on substrates of complex geometry. The method can be used with an arbitrary and time varying orientation of the substrate-film interface. The measurements of the film thickness on the inside of open or enclosed channels of an arbitrary geometry, and on flexible substrates are possible. With multiple embedded sensors, the film thickness in different lateral locations can be simultaneously measured. The dielectric permittivity of the FUT as a function of the distance from the substrate of the film can also be measured.

Abstract: An ultrasonic thermometer for measuring a temperature profile along a measurement axis of a solid structure, comprising a continuous measurement pathway of a solid structure (310) having a longitudinal measurement axis and proximal (202) and distal ends (204), and at least two backscatterers (332) formed therein transverse to the longitudinal axis and separated by a predetermined separation distance.

Abstract: A thermal treatment control system including an imaging device for specifying the geometry and/or location of the treatment target, a thermal energy element for applying a thermal treatment for the heating or cooling of a target tissue for therapeutic purposes, a thermal energy detecting element for detecting a measured tissue response to the thermal treatment and a feedback controller for a real-time modification of the intensity and spatial distribution of the thermal dose in order to achieve therapeutic efficacy over a minimum or reduced treatment time while satisfying treatment constraints imposed to limit damage to normal tissues.

Abstract: A system and method by which thickness of a dielectric film on substrates can be noninvasively determined is invented. The system and method are especially applicable to areas and applications where traditional techniques have proven unsuccessful or limited. According to embodiments of the present invention the present system and method can be used to measure film thickness in confined and inaccessible locations, and on substrates of complex geometry. The method can be used with an arbitrary and time varying orientation of the substrate-film interface. The measurements of the film thickness on the inside of open or enclosed channels of an arbitrary geometry, and on flexible substrates are possible. With multiple embedded sensors, the film thickness in different lateral locations can be simultaneously measured. The dielectric permittivity of the FUT as a function of the distance from the substrate of the film can also be measured.

Abstract: A device and method for maintaining a constant average pressure difference between the inlet and outlet of a pump for a body fluid, leading to an adequate flow for different pathological and physiological conditions, is described. The device and method allow for automatic adjustment of the pump operation to increase or decrease the flow rate of a body fluid to meet the physiological demand of the patient. The device and method also allow the physiological constraints on the pump to be accounted for, preventing suction and minimizing back flow of the body fluid. The device and method allow implicit synchronization of the pump with the natural regulatory mechanism for meeting patient's demand. The natural regulatory system continuously adjusts the parameters of the circulatory system to meet physiological demand for a body fluid.

Abstract: A device and method for maintaining a constant average pressure difference between the inlet and outlet of a pump for a body fluid, leading to an adequate flow for different pathological conditions. The device and method allow for automatic adjustment of the pump to meet the physiological demand of the patient. The device and method also allow the physiological constraints on the pump to be accounted for, preventing suction and minimizing back flow of the body fluid. The device and method allow implicit synchronization of the pump with the natural regulatory mechanism for meeting patient's demand. Thus, the pump can be continually adjusted to an optimal level in response to the patient's physiological condition.