Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a projector which is capable of reducing mechanical stress of an optical panel due to vibration of a coolant tube through which a coolant for cooling the optical panel is made to flow. A projector according to the present invention includes: an optical panel (60R, 60G, 60B); a heat receiving plate (30a, 30b, 30c) including a coolant passage inside and configured to receive heat released by the optical panel; a coolant tube (21a, 23a, 23b, 25a, 25b, 27a) having flexibility and connected to the heat receiving plate; and a supporting portion to which the coolant tube extending from the heat receiving plate is connected. The coolant tube is disposed along a direction in which a plane of the heat receiving plate is disposed at least at a portion where the coolant tube is connected to the heat receiving plate and a portion where the coolant tube is connected to the supporting portion.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a projector which is capable of reducing mechanical stress of an optical panel due to vibration of a coolant tube through which a coolant for cooling the optical panel is made to flow. A projector according to the present invention includes: an optical panel (60R, 60G, 60B); a heat receiving plate (30a, 30b, 30c) including a coolant passage inside and configured to receive heat released by the optical panel; a coolant tube (21a, 23a, 23b, 25a, 25b, 27a) having flexibility and connected to the heat receiving plate; and a supporting portion to which the coolant tube extending from the heat receiving plate is connected. The coolant tube is disposed along a direction in which a plane of the heat receiving plate is disposed at least at a portion where the coolant tube is connected to the heat receiving plate and a portion where the coolant tube is connected to the supporting portion.

Abstract: The present invention enables a sample to be observed in a clean state directly after preparation of a final observation surface when preparing a sample for observing a material that is sensitive to heat.

Abstract: The present invention enables a sample to be observed in a clean state directly after preparation of a final observation surface when preparing a sample for observing a material that is sensitive to heat.

Abstract: A liquid optical element array with good long-term stability is provided. The liquid optical element array includes: a first substrate and a second substrate facing each other; barrier ribs arranged upright on a surface facing the second substrate of the first substrate and sectioning a region on the first substrate into a plurality of cell regions; a first electrode and a second electrode arranged on wall surfaces of the barrier ribs to face each other; a third electrode arranged on a surface facing the first substrate of the second substrate; a projection arranged upright in each of the cell regions on the first substrate or the second substrate; and a polar liquid and a nonpolar liquid sealed between the first substrate and the third electrode and having different refractive indices.

Abstract: An image display apparatus includes at least one light modulation device, an outer frame portion, and a cooling portion. The at least one light modulation device is configured to modulate light coming from a light source unit. The outer frame portion is arranged around the at least one light modulation device to enclose the at least one light modulation device. The cooling portion includes a base portion, a heat reception portion, and a heat discharge portion. The base portion is connected to the outer frame portion to enclose the at least one light modulation device. The heat reception portion is configured to receive internal heat on an inside of the base portion. The heat discharge portion is thermally connected to the heat reception portion and configured to discharge the internal heat on an outside of the base portion.

Abstract: A printed wiring board, in which a pattern is formed by screen printing, includes: a land group including lands each provided corresponding to a through-hole; and a dummy pattern provided in proximity to the land group, and free from electrical connection.

Abstract: An optical device includes a first substrate which is transparent to incident light, a second substrate which is transparent to incident light, and a frame member which connects the first substrate to the second substrate. A lens chamber surrounded by the first substrate, the second substrate, and the frame member is filled with first and second liquids constituting a liquid lens. A region composed of an inorganic material and a region composed of an organic material coexist in the inner surface of the first substrate and the inner surface of the frame member. A first insulating layer composed of an inorganic material, an adhesion layer composed of an organic material, and a second insulating layer composed of an organic material are stacked in that order on the inner surface of the first substrate and the inner surface of the frame member.

Abstract: An optical element includes: first and second substrates arranged opposite to each other; a plurality of partition walls which rise from an inner surface of the first substrate, which faces the second substrate, and which also adjoin to one another in a first direction, and extend in a second direction differing from the first direction; and first and second through-holes which are formed in a region held between the adjoining paired partition walls on the first substrate. The element further includes: first and second electrodes which are formed on the surface of the partition walls in such a way that they partly face each other; an insulating film covering the first and second electrodes; a third electrode formed on an inner surface of second substrate, which faces the first substrate; and polar and apolar liquids, both having mutually different refractive indices, which are enclosed between the first and third electrodes.

Abstract: A variable illumination apparatus includes: a first substrate; a second substrate opposed to the first substrate with a predetermined gap therebetween; a surrounding wall that is disposed between the first and second substrates, has a first opening and a second opening opposed to each other, and has an inner side surface that is tapered toward the second opening from the first opening; a partition wall to partition a liquid chamber formed by the first substrate, the second substrate, and the surrounding wall into regions, the partition wall being vertical to the first substrate and the second substrate; a liquid lens having a lens surface that is formed at an interface between two liquids and is electrically deformable, the two liquids being accommodated in each of the regions and each having a different refractive index; and a light source to irradiate light to the liquid lens from the first opening side.

Abstract: A liquid optical element array with good long-term stability is provided. The liquid optical element array includes: a first substrate and a second substrate facing each other; barrier ribs arranged upright on a surface facing the second substrate of the first substrate and sectioning a region on the first substrate into a plurality of cell regions; a first electrode and a second electrode arranged on wall surfaces of the barrier ribs to face each other; a third electrode arranged on a surface facing the first substrate of the second substrate; a projection arranged upright in each of the cell regions on the first substrate or the second substrate; and a polar liquid and a nonpolar liquid sealed between the first substrate and the third electrode and having different refractive indices.

Abstract: An optical device includes a first substrate which is transparent to incident light, a second substrate which is transparent to incident light, and a frame member which connects the first substrate to the second substrate. A lens chamber surrounded by the first substrate, the second substrate, and the frame member is filled with first and second liquids constituting a liquid lens. A region composed of an inorganic material and a region composed of an organic material coexist in the inner surface of the first substrate and the inner surface of the frame member. A first insulating layer composed of an inorganic material, an adhesion layer composed of an organic material, and a second insulating layer composed of an organic material are stacked in that order on the inner surface of the first substrate and the inner surface of the frame member.

Abstract: A manufacturing method for a liquid lens device includes the steps of: preparing a body having a liquid chamber, a conductive first liquid stored in the liquid chamber, an insulating second liquid stored in the liquid chamber, and a hollow electrode pipe for making the communication between the inside and the outside of the liquid chamber, the liquid chamber being defined by a first transparent substrate on which an electrode layer is formed, a second transparent substrate opposed to the first transparent substrate, and an annular sealing member interposed between the first transparent substrate and the second transparent substrate; applying pressure to the first and second transparent substrates to thereby compress the sealing member and discharge the first liquid from the second end of the hollow electrode pipe; and closing the second end of the hollow electrode pipe.

Abstract: An image display device includes an image display section and a lenticular lens including a plurality of lenses arranged in a linear array. Each lens is defined by a plurality of adjacent variable lenses having a common optical axis. The image display device also includes a controller that controls optical characteristics in a plurality of the variable lenses such that the common optical axis for at least one of the lenses is moved in a given direction.

Abstract: A variable illumination apparatus includes: a first substrate; a second substrate opposed to the first substrate with a predetermined gap therebetween; a surrounding wall that is disposed between the first and second substrates, has a first opening and a second opening opposed to each other, and has an inner side surface that is tapered toward the second opening from the first opening; a partition wall to partition a liquid chamber formed by the first substrate, the second substrate, and the surrounding wall into regions, the partition wall being vertical to the first substrate and the second substrate; a liquid lens having a lens surface that is formed at an interface between two liquids and is electrically deformable, the two liquids being accommodated in each of the regions and each having a different refractive index; and a light source to irradiate light to the liquid lens from the first opening side.

Abstract: An optical device includes a housing having first to fourth sidewalls and top and bottom plates; and (M?1) partitions between the first and second sidewalls, and has M lens chambers, each filled with first and second liquids forming a liquid lens. A first lens chamber is defined by the first, third, and fourth sidewalls, first partition, and top and bottom plates. The top plate, first sidewall, and first partition respectively have first to third electrodes. An (m+1)-th lens chamber is defined by an m-th partition, third sidewall, (m+1)-th partition, fourth sidewall, and top and bottom plates, m being 1, 2, . . . , or M?2. The top plate, m-th partition, and (m+1)-th partition respectively have first to third electrodes. An M-th lens chamber is defined by an (M?1)-th partition, second to fourth sidewalls, and top and bottom plates. The top plate, (M?1)-th partition, and second sidewall respectively have first to third electrodes.

Abstract: Disclosed is a liquid lens element. The liquid lens element includes a main body, a lens surface, and a first reflection surface. The main body has a light incident surface and a light exiting surface and includes a liquid chamber formed therein. The lens surface changes orientation of light that exits the light exiting surface by being electrically deformed, and the lens surface is formed of an interface between two liquids that are contained in the liquid chamber and have different refractive indexes. The first reflection surface reflects part of light that enters the light incident surface toward an optical axis of the lens surface, and the first reflection surface is provided to the main body.

Abstract: A manufacturing method for a liquid lens device includes the steps of: preparing a body having a liquid chamber, a conductive first liquid stored in the liquid chamber, an insulating second liquid stored in the liquid chamber, and a hollow electrode pipe for making the communication between the inside and the outside of the liquid chamber, the liquid chamber being defined by a first transparent substrate on which an electrode layer is formed, a second transparent substrate opposed to the first transparent substrate, and an annular sealing member interposed between the first transparent substrate and the second transparent substrate; applying pressure to the first and second transparent substrates to thereby compress the sealing member and discharge the first liquid from the second end of the hollow electrode pipe; and closing the second end of the hollow electrode pipe.

Abstract: An optical device includes a housing having first to fourth sidewalls and top and bottom plates; and (M?1) partitions between the first and second sidewalls, and has M lens chambers, each filled with first and second liquids forming a liquid lens. A first lens chamber is defined by the first, third, and fourth sidewalls, first partition, and top and bottom plates. The top plate, first sidewall, and first partition respectively have first to third electrodes. An (m+1)-th lens chamber is defined by an m-th partition, third sidewall, (m+1)-th partition, fourth sidewall, and top and bottom plates, m being 1, 2, . . . , or M?2. The top plate, m-th partition, and (m+1)-th partition respectively have first to third electrodes. An M-th lens chamber is defined by an (M?1)-th partition, second to fourth sidewalls, and top and bottom plates. The top plate, (M?1)-th partition, and second sidewall respectively have first to third electrodes.

Abstract: An image data file contains a plurality of layers of representative shapes of a target object to be plotted. Under control of a CPU, a CRT display unit displays the representative shapes retrieved from each layer. When one of the shapes is selected using a keyboard or a mouse, the representative shapes in the next lower layer relative to the selected shape is displayed. Ultimately, the shape of the target object is displayed.