Abstract: In order to provide an exponent encoder circuit for obtaining an exponent constituted by a left shift amount for normalizing input data with code bits, there is provided a first logic circuit for inverting data portions other than code bits and shifting the code bits to least significant bit positions when inputted data is a negative number and allowing data portions other than the code bits to pass as is and moving the code bits to least significant bit positions when the inputted data is a positive number, and a second logic circuit for putting a plurality of logic operation equations for obtaining each bit of an exponent from output of the first logic circuit as decided by a truth table for outputs of the first logic circuit and corresponding exponents in a form where common terms are cancelled out.

Abstract: In order to provide an exponent encoder circuit for obtaining an exponent constituted by a left shift amount for normalizing input data with code bits, there is provided a first logic circuit for inverting data portions other than code bits and shifting the code bits to least significant bit positions when inputted data is a negative number and allowing data portions other than the code bits to pass as is and moving the code bits to least significant bit positions when the inputted data is a positive number, and a second logic circuit for putting a plurality of logic operation equations for obtaining each bit of an exponent from output of the first logic circuit as decided by a truth table for outputs of the first logic circuit and corresponding exponents in a form where common terms are cancelled out.

Abstract: In order to provide an exponent encoder circuit for obtaining an exponent constituted by a left shift amount for normalizing input data with code bits, there is provided a first logic circuit for inverting data portions other than code bits and shifting the code bits to least significant bit positions when inputted data is a negative number and allowing data portions other than the code bits to pass as is and moving the code bits to least significant bit positions when the inputted data is a positive number, and a second logic circuit for putting a plurality of logic operation equations for obtaining each bit of an exponent from output of the first logic circuit as decided by a truth table for outputs of the first logic circuit and corresponding exponents in a form where common terms are cancelled out.

Abstract: To change one-way information transmissions by picture display equipment in the streets and public facilities to a two-way system using Web-corresponding type portable information terminal units (hereafter, “Portable Terminal Unit”).

Abstract: This is a business system that the trader buys secondhand books and sells them again using the network of convenience stores. The trader establishes the main server on Internet and also opens the homepage on the Web site. The trader makes contracts concerning buying and hand-over business of secondhand books with convenience stores. This system features that the payment of the second hand book is accepted at the convenient store or card payment is available for the order on Web site.

Abstract: A bar code reader which is suitable for decoding a four-state bar code such as a Postnet bar code and which is designed to extract a bar code correctly from a background in a captured image.

Abstract: An image input section enters a document image including a bar code, and converts the document image into a binary image. A small pattern removing section removes small patterns from a binary image sent from the input section. A labeling section separates the binary image into labeled regions and calculates the feature quantity including a center position of each labeled region. A region detecting section makes a group of labeled regions spaced at a predetermined positional relationship based on their feature quantities and detects a bar code candidate region. A decoding section decodes the bar code based on the feature quantity involved in the bar code candidate region.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a memory cell part which has data input terminals and which stores data received at the data input terminals and a data bus which is supplied with data. The semiconductor device also includes a transfer circuit which is coupled between the data bus and the data input terminals and which transfers the data from the data bus to the data input terminals in response to a transfer selection signal. The semiconductor device also includes a transfer control circuit which receives a bit selection signal and outputs the transfer selection signal.

Abstract: An image input section enters a document image including a bar code, and converts the document image into a binary image. An image memory section memorizes the binary image supplied from the image input section. A mask judging section performs a scanning operation using an M.times.M pixel window for detecting an alternate pattern from the binary image supplied from the image input section. A small pattern removing section removes small patterns from a binary image sent from the mask judging section. An expanding section expands a pattern involved in a binary image by an amount equivalent to k1 pixels when this binary image is sent from the small pattern removing section. A contracting section contracts a pattern involved in a binary image by an amount equivalent to k2 pixels when this binary image is sent from the expanding section.

Abstract: Disclosed is a document generator which comprises a memory unit for storing a digital picture signal obtained by picking up an image of a surface of a distributed object in which code information such as an ID number peculiar to the distributed object is provided by a notation tool including a bar code, a code information reading unit for selectively reading code information from the picture signal, and a retry unit for code information reading.

Abstract: An apparatus for receiving input data values representing an array of picture elements of a source image containing one or more bar code regions, whereby the input data values are converted to bi-level values representing black or white states which are stored in an image memory, while in addition the bi-level values are processed to obtain data representing an image in which a "skeleton" central portion of the bar code region appears as an all-black region, while background black regions are eliminated. A central position and the slope of a central axis of the bar code region are computed based on that "skeleton" region, and data values in the image memory which conform to the central axis are then read out, to read the bar code data.