Abstract: A forward primer of a primer set in accordance with the present invention for detecting BLV is a mixture of (1) a first primer consisting of a polynucleotide including 15 or more successive bases including the 16th C in the base sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 and (2) a second primer consisting of a plurality of kinds of polynucleotides including at least the first to 15th bases in the base sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2. Two or more of M, N, Y, K, and D which are included in the second primer are each a degenerate base which specifies two or more kinds of bases, and the second primer includes at least 10 kinds of polynucleotides including at least the first to 15th bases in the base sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 3 to 12.

Abstract: A forward primer of a primer set in accordance with the present invention for detecting BLV is a mixture of (1) a first primer consisting of a polynucleotide including 15 or more successive bases including the 16th C in the base sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 and (2) a second primer consisting of a plurality of kinds of polynucleotides including at least the first to 15th bases in the base sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2. Two or more of M, N, Y, K, and D which are included in the second primer are each a degenerate base which specifies two or more kinds of bases, and the second primer includes at least 10 kinds of polynucleotides including at least the first to 15th bases in the base sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 3 to 12.

Abstract: According to an allele determining device 1 that determines a single nucleotide polymorphism of a gene, an approximating unit 4 approximates an optical measurement result obtained by observing a reagent that reacts with a specific base sequence of a gene, to a logistic curve that is a curve using light intensity and time as parameters. A determining unit 5 determines a single nucleotide polymorphism using a plateau value or an inflection point that is a characteristic point of the approximated logistic curve, the measured light intensity, and the like.

Abstract: A method for continuously producing 3,3′,5,5′-tetra-t-butyl-4,4′-biphenol by oxidizing/dimerizing 2,6-di-t-butylphenol, comprising the steps of: supplying 2,6-di-t-butylphenol to a first reaction section of a reaction apparatus in which at least the first reaction section and a second reaction section are connected in series; supplying alkali catalyst to at least said first reaction section; and distributing oxygen containing gas to each reaction section respectively; whereby a reaction mixture containing 3,3′,5,5′-tetra-t-butyl-4,4′-biphenol is obtained from a last reaction section.

Abstract: A method for producing 4,4′-biphenol, comprising the steps of: preparing serially arranged reaction bathes for two or more steps; and carrying out a debutylation reaction of 3,3′,5,5′-tetra-t-butyl-4,4′-biphenol sequentially in the presence of an acid catalyst in a reaction solvent by supplying at least one kind of phenols selected from the group consisting of phenol, monoalkylphenols, dialkylphenols, and trialkylphenols, in a proportion of at least 0.5 mole part relative to one mole part of 3,3′,5,5′-tetra-t-butyl-4,4′-biphenol, to each reaction bath as a solvent for addition, wherein the number of carbon atoms of alkyl groups in alkylphenols consisting of the monoalkylphenols, dialkylphenols, and trialkylphenols, is each independently in the range of 1 to 4, and wherein a solvent for addition to a reaction bath for the latter step has a smaller average number of alkyl groups than a solvent for addition to a reaction bath for the former step.

Abstract: A method for producing 4,4′-biphenol, comprising the steps of:

Abstract: A method for continuously producing 3,3′,5,5′-tetra-t-butyl-4,4′-biphenol by oxidizing/dimerizing 2,6-di-t-butylphenol, comprising the steps of: supplying 2,6-di-t-butylphenol to a first reaction section of a reaction apparatus in which at least the first reaction section and a second reaction section are connected in series; supplying alkali catalyst to at least said first reaction section; and distributing oxygen containing gas to each reaction section respectively; whereby a reaction mixture containing 3,3′,5,5′-tetra-t-butyl-4,4′-biphenol is obtained from a last reaction section.

Abstract: A batch or continuous process produces highly pure 3,3',5,5'-tetra-t-butylbiphenol suitable as a starting material for the synthesis of 4,4'-biphenol. The process for producing 3,3',5,5'-tetra-t-butylbiphenol comprises conducting an oxidation coupling of purified 2,6-di-t-butylphenol(i) or crude 2,6-di-t-butylbiphenol(ii), said crude 2,6-di-t-butylphenol being obtained by reacting isobutylene with phenol in the presence of an aluminum catalyst, and removing the aluminum catalyst. The 2,6-di-t-butylphenol is oxidatively coupled in an alkali metal catalyst mixture comprising (1) an alkali metal catalyst and alkylphenols, or (2) alkali metal catalyst, alkylphenols and phenol to produce 3,3',5,5'-tetra-t-butylbiphenol. The oxidative coupling is conducted together with 10-30% by weight of phenol and/or t-butylphenol per 100% by weight of 2,6-di-t-butylphenol in the presence of an alkali metal catalyst.

Abstract: Two software-only prefix encoding techniques employ encoding look-up tables to produce contributions to the encoded bit stream that are incremented in integral numbers of bytes to facilitate accelerated encoding rates at the expense of an acceptable trade-off in increased memory size requirements. The first technique, referred to as offset-based encoding, employs encoding tables which eliminate most of the bit-based operations that need to be performed by a prefix encoder without inordinately expanding memory requirements. In offset-based encoding, a Huffman table is employed which contains information for each number of bits by which the length of a Huffman word is offset from an integral number of bytes. The encoding method generates bytes of encoded data, even though the Huffman code has variable length code words for each symbol to be encoded.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for the preparation of p,p'-biphenol by simplified processes achieved by batch or continuous operations which comprises using phenol and isobutylene as starting materials, allowing phenol to react with isobutylene in the presence of aluminum phenoxide, oxidizing the resulting reaction liquid in the presence of an alkaline catalyst, and debutylating the reaction liquid in the presence of a debutylation catalyst.