Abstract: An ultrasonic reactor water level measuring device and an evaluation method are provided and prevent a reduction in the measurement accuracy of a water level that is in a wide measurement range. The ultrasonic reactor water level measuring device includes an upper tube extending from a gas phase portion in a reactor, a lower tube extending from a liquid phase portion in the reactor, measurement tubes connected to each other and arranged at multiple stages between the upper tube and the lower tube, and units for generating and receiving ultrasonic waves, the units being arranged at bottom portions of the measurement tubes. The ultrasonic reactor water level measuring device measures levels of water within the measurement tubes and calculates a water level within the reactor from the sum of the measured water levels, the sum excluding an overlapped part of the measurement tubes.

Abstract: The object aims to improve the reproducibility of color and the stability in density of a toner. Disclosed is a toner comprising at least a resin and a colorant, wherein the colorant comprises a compound represented by general formula (1) and a compound represented by general formula (2). [In general formula (1), R1 to R8 respectively denote a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, or an alkyl group containing a fluorine atom, provided that at least one of R1 to R8 denotes a chlorine atom]. [In general formula (2), R1 to R4 respectively denote a hydrogen atom, or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R5 and R6 respectively denote a hydrogen atom, or an alkyl group having 1 to 2 carbon atoms; R7 denotes a hydrogen atom, or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; m denotes a number of 1 or 2; An? denotes a chlorine ion or a sulfonic acid compound ion; and n denotes a number of 1 or 2.

Abstract: An electrophotographic toner comprising a resin and a colorant, wherein: (i) a toner particle comprises a domain in the toner particle, the domain comprising a polar wax having a first polar group and a non-polar wax; and (ii) the resin contains a second polar group.

Abstract: The object aims to improve the reproducibility of color and the stability in density of a toner. Disclosed is a toner comprising at least a resin and a colorant, wherein the colorant comprises a compound represented by general formula (1) and a compound represented by general formula (2). [In general formula (1), R1 to R8 respectively denote a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, or an alkyl group containing a fluorine atom, provided that at least one of R1 to R8 denotes a chlorine atom.] [In general formula (2), R1 to R4 respectively denote a hydrogen atom, or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R5 and R6 respectively denote a hydrogen atom, or an alkyl group having 1 to 2 carbon atoms; R7 denotes a hydrogen atom, or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; m denotes a number of 1 or 2; An? denotes a chlorine ion or a sulfonic acid compound ion; and n denotes a number of 1 or 2.

Abstract: A method for producing an electrophotographic toner comprising the step of polymerizing two or more polymerizable monomers under existence of a non-polar liquid hydrocarbon, wherein at least one of the polymerizable monomers comprises a polar group; a kinematic viscosity of the liquid hydrocarbon at 40° C. is in the range of 7-300 mm2/s.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of manufacturing toner possessing the steps of conducting a polymerization process for acquiring wax-containing polyester resin particles via condensation-polymerization of carboxylic acid and alcohol employing oil droplets after forming the oil droplets made of wax and a polymerizable monomer containing at least one kind of carboxylic acid with divalence or more and at least one kind of alcohol with divalence or more in an aqueous medium containing a surfactant including a compound having a long chain hydrocarbon group and acidic group, and conducting a process of coagulating at least the wax-containing polyester particles in the aqueous medium.

Abstract: Provided can be easily producible toner containing polyester resin particles, exhibiting excellent fixability and fine line reproduction, in which high quality images can stably be formed for a long duration, the toner manufacturing method, and the image forming method. Also disclosed is a manufacturing method of toner possessing the steps of conducting a polymerization process for acquiring polyester resin particles via condensation-polymerization of carboxylic acid and alcohol employing oil droplets after forming the oil droplets including a polymerizable composite containing at least one kind of carboxylic acid with divalence or more and at least one kind of alcohol with divalence or more in an aqueous medium containing a surfactant including a compound having a long chain hydrocarbon group and acidic group, and conducting a coagulation process for acquiring toner particles by coagulating at least the polyester particles in the aqueous medium.

Abstract: A toner including toner particles each containing a resin and a colorant, wherein the toner particle has: a region A which contains the colorant and a region B through which more electrons can pass than the region A; and the region A is covered by the region B being within 1 ?m deep from a circumference of the toner particle, when the toner particle is observed in a state of a microscopic segment having a thickness of 80 to 200 nm through a transmission electron microscope at an acceleration voltage of 80 kV.

Abstract: A method of preparing an electrophotographic toner is disclosed, comprising subjecting polyester resin particles and colored microparticles to coagulation and fusion in an aqueous medium to form toner particles, wherein the colored microparticles comprise a colorant and a crosslinked polyester resin or a nitrogen-containing polycondensate resin.

Abstract: An electrostatic image developing toner comprising a binder resin and a colorant, wherein the toner contains a mixture of: (i) a compound represented by Formula (3); and (ii) a compound represented by Formula (1) and/or (2), wherein R1 to R8 each represent an alkyl group having 10 to 30 carbon atoms and X represents H or —CO—R9, wherein R9 represents an alkyl group having 1-4 carbon atoms:

Abstract: A toner is disclosed, comprising a resin (A), a colorant (B) and an alkylidenecarboxylic acid (C).

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a toner comprising the steps of: (i) forming oil droplets in an aqueous medium comprising a surfactant having a long chain hydrocarbon group and an acid group, the oil droplets comprising: (i-a) a polycarboxylic acid having two or more carboxyl groups, (1-b) a polyalcohol having two or more hydroxyl groups, (i-c) a styrene compound, (i-d) a (meth)acrylate ester; (ii) polycondensing the polycarboxylic acid and the polyalcohol by heating to form a polyester resin in the oil droplets; (iii) radically polymerizing the styrene compound and the (meth)acrylate ester by supplying radicals to form a styrene-acryl copolymer resin in the droplets, as a result of steps (ii) and (iii), composite resin particles containing the polyester resin and the styrene-acryl copolymer resin are formed; and (iv) coagulating the composite resin particles in an aqueous medium.

Abstract: An electrostatic image developing toner comprising a binder resin and a colorant, wherein the toner comprises a compound represented by the following Formula (1): wherein, R1, R2, R3 and R4 each independently represent an alkyl group having 10 to 30 carbon atoms and the alkyl group may have a substituent.

Abstract: A toner for developing an electrostatic charge image comprising a compound represented by a following formula (1): wherein X represents H or —CO—R4; R4 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and the alkyl group may have a substituent; R1 though R3 independently represent an alkyl group having 10 to 30 carbon atoms and the alkyl group may have a substituent; and R1 through R3 may be either the same or different.

Abstract: A method of preparing an electrophotographic toner is discloser, comprising subjecting polyester resin particles and colored microparticles to coagulation and fusion in an aqueos medium to form toner particles, wherein the colored microparticles comprise a colorant and a crosslinked polyester resing or a nitrogen-containing polycondensate resing.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a toner comprising the steps of: (i) forming oil droplets in an aqueous medium comprising a surfactant having a long chain hydrocarbon group and an acid group, the oil droplets comprising: (i-a) a polycarboxylic acid having two or more carboxyl groups, (1-b) a polyalcohol having two or more hydroxyl groups, (i-c) a styrene compound, (i-d) a (meth)acrylate ester; (ii) polycondensing the polycarboxylic acid and the polyalcohol by heating to form a polyester resin in the oil droplets; (iii) radically polymerizing the styrene compound and the (meth)acrylate ester by supplying radicals to form a styrene-acryl copolymer resin in the droplets, as a result of steps (ii) and (iii), composite resin particles containing the polyester resin and the styrene-acryl copolymer resin are formed; and (iv) coagulating the composite resin particles in an aqueous medium.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of manufacturing toner possessing the steps of conducting a polymerization process for acquiring wax-containing polyester resin particles via condensation-polymerization of carboxylic acid and alcohol employing oil droplets after forming the oil droplets made of wax and a polymerizable monomer containing at least one kind of carboxylic acid with divalence or more and at least one kind of alcohol with divalence or more in an aqueous medium containing a surfactant including a compound having a long chain hydrocarbon group and acidic group, and conducting a process of coagulating at least the wax-containing polyester particles in the aqueous medium.

Abstract: Provided can be easily producible toner containing polyester resin particles, exhibiting excellent fixability and fine line reproduction, in which high quality images can stably be formed for a long duration, the toner manufacturing method, and the image forming method. Also disclosed is a manufacturing method of toner possessing the steps of conducting a polymerization process for acquiring polyester resin particles via condensation-polymerization of carboxylic acid and alcohol employing oil droplets after forming the oil droplets including a polymerizable composite containing at least one kind of carboxylic acid with divalence or more and at least one kind of alcohol with divalence or more in an aqueous medium containing a surfactant including a compound having a long chain hydrocarbon group and acidic group, and conducting a coagulation process for acquiring toner particles by coagulating at least the polyester particles in the aqueous medium.

Abstract: An electrophotographic toner comprising a resin and a colorant, wherein: (i) a toner particle comprises a domain in the toner particle, the domain comprising a polar wax having a first polar group and a non-polar wax; and (ii) the resin contains a second polar group.

Abstract: A toner is disclosed, comprising a resin (A), a colorant (B) and an alkylidenecarboxylic acid (C).