Abstract: An optical control system receives an incident light wave containing a plurality of wavelength components and is capable of giving different spatial light intensity distributions respectively to the wavelength components and of easily changing the color characteristic of an outgoing light wave. The optical control system is applied to illumination systems and light sources for displays, and to a method and an apparatus for process control using such modulated light.

Abstract: An X-ray microscope apparatus includes an X-ray generator, a photocathode disposed on a path of X-rays for producing electrons when irradiated with X-rays generated by the X-ray generator, an electron image enlarging device having an acceleration anode for accelerating electrons produced by the photocathode and a magnetic lens for enlarging and focusing an electron beam of electrons emitted by the photocathode, an electron beam detecting device for detecting the electron beam focused thereon by the electron image enlarging device; and an image processing device for processing an electron image formed by the electron beam detecting device. The X-ray microscope apparatus can be formed in compact construction.

Abstract: An X-ray microscope apparatus includes an X-ray generator, a photocathode disposed on a path of X-rays for producing electrons when irradiated with X-rays generated by the X-ray generator, an electron image enlarging device having an acceleration anode for accelerating electrons produced by the photocathode and a magnetic lens for enlarging and focusing an electron beam of electrons emitted by the photocathode, an electron beam detecting device for detecting the electron beam focused thereon by the electron image enlarging device; and an image processing device for processing an electron image formed by the electron beam detecting device. The X-ray microscope apparatus can be formed in compact construction.

Abstract: A solar heating system including a chemical heat pump for storing thermal energy by converting same into energy in the form of a difference in the concentration of an aqueous multiple-component chemical solution which actuates the chemical heat pump, and a solar collector of a low temperature solar collection type operative to collect excess thermal energy of the sun not used for heating and cooling purposes during the time intermediate the solar irradiance abundant season and the solar irradiance scarce season, or spring and autumn, and store same in the chemical heat pump as energy in the form of a difference in the concentration of an aqueous multiple-component chemical solution.