Abstract: There is provided a technique that includes: a gate valve including a movable gate valve plate; and a butterfly valve that is installed at the gate valve plate, has a diameter smaller than those of valve openings configured to be opened or closed by the gate valve plate, and is configured to be capable of being fully closed, wherein the gate valve plate of the gate valve and the butterfly valve are configured to be capable of being driven independently of each other.

Abstract: There is provided a technique that includes a plurality of first coolers installed in or around a process furnace configured to process a substrate, and configured to perform cooling by a cooling fluid; a second cooler installed in or around the process furnace and configured to perform cooling by the cooling fluid, the second cooler being not included in the plurality of first coolers; a distributor configured to distribute the cooling fluid supplied from a cooling fluid supply port to the plurality of first coolers and an auxiliary system bypassing the plurality of first coolers; and a merging part configured to merge the cooling fluid passed through the plurality of first coolers and the cooling fluid passed through the auxiliary system, respectively, and supply the merged cooling fluid to the second cooler.

Abstract: Provided herein is a light-emitting apparatus capable of achieving both improved durability and higher brightness with an inexpensive and simple construction. A heat resistant glass substrate 51 is mounted in a vacuum chamber 5, and while an anode electrode 8 (and a light emitter 20) is mounted on the glass substrate, the glass substrate 51 is separated from a glass substrate 11. This precisely protects the vacuum chamber 5 from thermal damage due to light emission upon excitation, even when the current density between the cathode electrode 6 and the anode electrode 8 is controlled at a high level to cause the light emitter 20 to emit light at high brightness.

Abstract: A first power supply system is constituted by an alternator and a main battery while a second power supply system is constituted by electrical equipment and a sub-battery. Further, a switch is provided between the first power supply system and the second power supply system. During vehicle deceleration, the switch is switched to a disconnected state, whereby the first power supply system and the second power supply system are disconnected. As a result, a generation voltage of the alternator can be raised, enabling an increase in the generation amount, without applying an excessive voltage to the electrical equipment. Hence, the main battery can be charged sufficiently during deceleration, and therefore the alternator can be halted during acceleration and steady travel. Furthermore, by halting the alternator, an engine load can be reduced, and as a result, an improvement in the fuel efficiency of the vehicle can be achieved.

Abstract: Provided herein is a light-emitting apparatus which is capable of causing the light emitted at the entire face of a fluorescent material to be exteriorly emitted with no interference and with enhanced light emission efficiency, thereby attaining an exteriorly radiated high brightness light. A cathode electrode 10 is mounted on a periphery of a transmission member 30, the anode electrode 15 is also mounted on a domain opposite to a light transmission member 30, and the surface 16a of the fluorescent material 16 to be mounted on a top layer of the anode electrode 15 is formed with a concave face.

Abstract: Provided herein is a light-emitting apparatus which is capable of causing the light emitted at the entire face of a fluorescent material to be exteriorly emitted with no interference and with enhanced light emission efficiency, thereby attaining an exteriorly radiated high brightness light. A cathode electrode 10 is mounted on a periphery of a transmission member 30, the anode electrode 15 is also mounted on a domain opposite to a light transmission member 30, and the surface 16a of the fluorescent material 16 to be mounted on a top layer of the anode electrode 15 is formed with a concave face.

Abstract: Provided herein is a light-emitting apparatus capable of achieving both improved durability and higher brightness with an inexpensive and simple construction. A heat resistant glass substrate 51 is mounted in a vacuum chamber 5, and while an anode electrode 8 (and a light emitter 20) is mounted on the glass substrate, the glass substrate 51 is separated from a glass substrate 11. This precisely protects the vacuum chamber 5 from thermal damage due to light emission upon excitation, even when the current density between the cathode electrode 6 and the anode electrode 8 is controlled at a high level to cause the light emitter 20 to emit light at high brightness.

Abstract: It calculates a capacity difference ESOC between a reference remaining capacity SOCV based on an open-circuit voltage and a final remaining capacity SOC in a previous one calculation cycle. It calculates a proportional correction amount and an integral correction amount according to a proportional-integral control by using this capacity difference ESOC, and requires a final remaining capacity SOC by adding a remaining capacity SOCI based on a current integration to these correction amounts. Thus, while making good use of the remaining capacity based on the battery open-circuit voltage, it can avoid the influence of the load fluctuation and require a remaining capacity always stable and accurate.

Abstract: The remaining capacity of a battery obtained by integrating current and that obtained from the estimated open circuit voltage of the battery are weighted with a weight which varies depending on the operating conditions of the battery as needed and the weighted remaining capacities are combined into the final remaining capacity. Thus, the disadvantages of the remaining capacity based on current integration and those of the remaining capacity based on the estimated open circuit voltage cancel each other out and the advantages of the respective remaining capacities can be fully utilized. The uniform calculation accuracy can be ensured and the final remaining capacity can always be obtained with accuracy.

Abstract: It calculates a capacity difference ESOC between a reference remaining capacity SOCV based on an open-circuit voltage and a final remaining capacity SOC in a previous one calculation cycle. It calculates a proportional correction amount and an integral correction amount according to a proportional-integral control by using this capacity difference ESOC, and requires a final remaining capacity SOC by adding a remaining capacity SOCI based on a current integration to these correction amounts. Thus, while making good use of the remaining capacity based on the battery open-circuit voltage, it can avoid the influence of the load fluctuation and require a remaining capacity always stable and accurate.

Abstract: The remaining capacity of a battery obtained by integrating current and that obtained from the estimated open circuit voltage of the battery are weighted with a weight which varies depending on the operating conditions of the battery as needed and the weighted remaining capacities are combined into the final remaining capacity. Thus, the disadvantages of the remaining capacity based on current integration and those of the remaining capacity based on the estimated open circuit voltage cancel each other out and the advantages of the respective remaining capacities can be fully utilized. The uniform calculation accuracy can be ensured and the final remaining capacity can always be obtained with accuracy.

Abstract: A metal plate coated with a lubricating resin is coated with a lubricating resin having a modified polyamide ({circle around (1)}) and a crosslinking curing agent ({circle around (2)}) of the modified polyamide ({circle around (1)}) on at least one side face of the metal plate. At this time, the compounding ratio of the modified polyamide ({circle around (1)}) and the above-described crosslinking curing agent ({circle around (2)}) is preferably (60:40) to (15:85) by mass ratio converted to solid content. Furthermore, according to requirement, an inorganic powder filler ({circle around (3)}) may be added to the resin composition.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium comprises: a support; and at least one magnetic layer comprising a binder and a ferromagnetic alloy powder including Fe, wherein the magnetic recording medium has a surface scratch depth of 370 nm to 460 nm, and has a surface lubricant index of 4 to 11.

Abstract: A metal plate coated with a lubricating resin is coated with a lubricating resin having a modified polyamide ({circle over (1)}) and a crosslinking curing agent ({circle over (2)}) of the modified polyamide ({circle over (1)}) on at least one side face of the metal plate. At this time, the compounding ratio of the modified polyamide ({circle over (1)}) and the above-described crosslinking curing agent ({circle over (2)}) is preferably (60:40) to (15:85) by mass ratio converted to solid content. Furthermore, according to requirement, an inorganic powder filler ({circle over (3)}) may be added to the resin composition.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium comprises: a support; and at least one magnetic layer comprising a binder and a ferromagnetic alloy powder including Fe, wherein the magnetic recording medium has a surface scratch depth of 370 nm to 460 nm, and has a surface lubricant index of 4 to 11.

Abstract: An alkynyl group having a triple bond at the carbon atom at the 1-position is introduced to a carbon atom at the 1-position of 2,3-O-isopropylidene-D-ribofuranose. The diol part is then cleaved to obtain a lactol compound. This lactol compound is oxidized to obtain a lactone compound. The ketal part of the lactone compound is hydrolyzed and the compound is further subjected to a reduction reaction. The hydroxyl groups at the 2- and 3-positions are then eliminated, and the double bond between the 2- and 3-positions of the resultant compound is reduced to obtain a 4-substituted-.gamma.-lactone.

Abstract: A method for producing (R,Z)-5-tetradecen-4-olide, comprising the following reaction formulas; ##STR1##

Abstract: In a method of sequence control for controlling a production installation containing one or more functional units independent of brand and process of product to be produced, unit sequence programs are provided for each of the functional units. A series of steps from start process to a stop process are installed for every minimum function unit which are independent of brand and process of a product to be produced. Sequence control is performed by enabling and disabling the selected unit sequences automatically or manually, so that the functional unit is controlled by the parameter stored in the unit sequence program.

Abstract: An attractant having attraction activity for to Tribolium confusum J., which contains 2,6-dimethyl-1-octanol as a component exhibiting an attraction activity. 2,6-dimethyl-octanol can be diluted with an appropriated solvent, or carried by an appropriate solid-phase carrier in the form of tablets. The attactant can be effectively used in lure trapping.

Abstract: A 2,3-dihydro-2,3,5-trimethyl-4H-pyran-4-one derivative represented by general formula: ##STR1## where R is ##STR2## --CH(OCH.sub.3).sub.2, --CH(OC.sub.2 H.sub.5).sub.2, --CHO, --CH.sub.2 OH, --CH.dbd.CH.sub.2, .dbd.CHCH.sub.2 CH.sub.3, --CH.dbd.CHCH.sub.3 or ##STR3## The derivative is useful as a sex attractant for drugstore beetles.