Abstract: A method and a radiosonde wherein the radiosonde is launched from a launching station and transmission of the radiosonde is started in order to send measurement data to a receiver. The transmission of the radiosonde is started only after a delay from the launch.

Abstract: A method and a radiosonde wherein the radiosonde is launched from a launching station and transmission of the radiosonde is started in order to send measurement data to a receiver. The transmission of the radiosonde is started only after a delay from the launch.

Abstract: A spectrometric measurement apparatus comprises a collimator (401), a first diffractive grating (403), a second diffractive grating (404), and a detector arrangement (407). Incident radiation (402) from the collimator (401) is diffracted to the detector arrangement (407) either directly or through mirrors so that the first (403) and second (404) diffractive gratings diffract different wavelength ranges.

Abstract: An apparatus for performing laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy comprises a handheld unit with a pump laser and a controller. A combination of a solid laser medium and a Q-switch receive a laser beam from said pump laser. Focusing optics focus laser pulses from said combination to a focal spot at a sample. Light collection optics collect light from plasma induced of sample material by focused laser pulses. A spectrometer receives collected light and produces information describing its spectral distribution. A power source delivers electric power to other parts of the apparatus. The pump laser, combination, focusing optics, light collection optics, spectrometer and power source are parts of said handheld unit.

Abstract: An apparatus for performing laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy comprises a handheld unit with a pump laser and a controller. A combination of a solid laser medium and a Q-switch receive a laser beam from said pump laser. Focusing optics focus laser pulses from said combination to a focal spot at a sample. Light collection optics collect light from plasma induced of sample material by focused laser pulses. A spectrometer receives collected light and produces information describing its spectral distribution. A power source delivers electric power to other parts of the apparatus. The pump laser, combination, focusing optics, light collection optics, spectrometer and power source are parts of said handheld unit.

Abstract: A measurement device and method are provided for OES measurements in air. An arc electrode (201, 501) has a certain thickness and a pointed end having a certain grinding angle. Holding means (202, 502) hold the arc electrode (201, 501) at a certain distance from the material to be measured. A voltage and current supply (203) generates and maintains a voltage between the arc electrode and the material to be measured and supplies current through the arc. Focusing and detection optics (205, 206, 402, 403, 404, 405, 406, 407, 408, 505, 506, 509, 604) collect and detect optical radiation. The thickness of the arc electrode (201, 501) is between 3 and 10 mm and the grinding angle is between 50 and 130 degrees. The arc distance is between 0.5 and 3 mm. An ignition spark voltage is between 5 and 20 kV, an arc voltage between 20 and 160 V and an arc current between 1 and 10 A.

Abstract: A measurement device and method are provided for OES measurements in air. An arc electrode (201, 501) has a certain thickness and a pointed end having a certain grinding angle. Holding means (202, 502) hold the arc electrode (201, 501) at a certain distance from the material to be measured. A voltage and current supply (203) generates and maintains a voltage between the arc electrode and the material to be measured and supplies current through the arc. Focusing and detection optics (205, 206, 402, 403, 404, 405, 406, 407, 408, 505, 506, 509, 604) collect and detect optical radiation. The thickness of the arc electrode (201, 501) is between 3 and 10 mm and the grinding angle is between 50 and 130 degrees. The arc distance is between 0.5 and 3 mm. An ignition spark voltage is between 5 and 20 kV, an arc voltage between 20 and 160 V and an arc current between 1 and 10 A.

Abstract: A measurement device and method are provided for OES measurements in air. An arc electrode (201, 501) has a certain thickness and a pointed end having a certain grinding angle. Holding means (202, 502) hold the arc electrode (201, 501) at a certain distance from the material to be measured. A voltage and current supply (203) generates and maintains a voltage between the arc electrode and the material to be measured and supplies current through the arc. Focusing and detection optics (205, 206, 402, 403, 404, 405, 406, 407, 408, 505, 506, 509, 604) collect and detect optical radiation. The thickness of the arc electrode (201, 501) is between 3 and 10 mm and the grinding angle is between 50 and 130 degrees. The arc distance is between 0.5 and 3 mm. An ignition spark voltage is between 5 and 20 kV, an arc voltage between 20 and 160 V and an arc current between 1 and 10 A.