Abstract: The method for hydrogenolysis of sugar or sugar alcohols comprises the steps of: mixing in the absence of any phosphine a suspension of a supported osmium catalyst, water, a sugar or sugar alcohol, and a base; pressurizing the suspension with hydrogen to a range of 30 to 90 bar at room temperature; heating the suspension to a temperature in the range of 180° C. to 250° C.; and mixing the suspension for an amount of time ranging from 1 to 6 hours.

Abstract: This specification discloses a process for the removal of solids and non-sugar components from a pre-treated lignocellulosic biomass stream by the precipitation of the non-sugar components with preferably barium hydroxide or calcium hydroxide. The precipitation removes the non-sugar components and some salts, leaving the glucose and xylose and other sugars in the liquid stream for further processing.

Abstract: The method for hydrogenolysis of sugar or sugar alcohols comprises the steps of: mixing in the absence of any phosphine a suspension of a supported osmium catalyst, water, a sugar or sugar alcohol, and a base; pressurizing the suspension with hydrogen to a range of 30 to 90 bar at room temperature; heating the suspension to a temperature in the range of 180° C. to 250° C.; and mixing the suspension for an amount of time ranging from 1 to 6 hours.

Abstract: Disclosed is an environmentally benign and simplified method for preparing aromatic dicarboxylic acid. In the disclosed method, a mixed solvent composed of aromatic mono-carboxylic acid and water, instead of conventionally used low molecular weight carboxylic acid such as acetic acid, is used as a reaction solvent for an oxidation process; manganese and a small amount of transition metal element are used as catalysts; and carbon dioxide is used as a reaction stabilizer. Accordingly, it is possible to improve the yield and selectivity of the aromatic dicarboxylic acid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process of recovering aromatic dicarboxylic acids with low metal contaminants from manufactured articles and/or articles contaminated with PVC or chlorinated compounds, made of or containing aromatic polyester resins, such as beverage bottles, fibers and films, or from waste from processing of these resins. In particular, the invention relates to the recovery of terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid and 2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid from bottles for recycling which are made of PET, PEN or aromatic polyester copolymers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process of recovering aromatic dicarboxylic acids with low metal contaminants from manufactured articles, such as beverage bottles, fibers and films, comprising aromatic polyesters, whether or not those articles are contaminated with PVC or chlorinated compounds, or from waste from processing of these polyesters. In particular, the invention relates to the recovery of terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid and 2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid from bottles for recycling which are made of PET, PEN or aromatic polyester copolymers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing high purity terephthalic acid by catalytic, liquid phase oxidation of p-xylene utilizing a partially homogeneous reaction in the presence of a very specific catalyst. The process produces a high purity terephthalic acid without the secondary purification step currently practiced.

Abstract: A method of preparing 4-aminodiphylamine through an intermediate preparation of 4-nitrodiphenylamine and/or 4-nitrosodiphenylamine and/or their salts by reaction of aniline with nitobenzene in a liquid medium at a temperature of 50 to 130° C., under normal or reduced pressure, in an inert atmosphere or in the presence of air oxygen, with subsequent hydrogenation of an intermediate of 4-nitrodiphenylamine and/or nitrosodiphenylamine and side products, and by isolation of 4-aminodiphenylamine and the side products of unconverted raw materials.

Abstract: A method of preparing 4-aminodiphylamine through an intermediate preparation of 4-nitrodiphenylamine and/or 4-nitrosodiphenylamine and/or their salts by reaction of aniline with nitobenzene in a liquid medium at a temperature of 50 to 130° C.