Abstract: The invention is concerned with a process for the manufacture of vinylpyrrolidinone-cephalosporin derivatives from 3-amino-pyrrolidine derivatives of the formula wherein R1 signifies hydrogen or an amino protecting group; Z signifies hydrogen or an amino protecting group; and * represents a center of chirality.

Abstract: A process for the production of 9-(Z)-retinoic acid is described which comprises reacting an alkali metal salt of 3-methyl-4-oxocrotonic acid with a C15-triphenyl-phosphonium salt. 9-(Z)-retinoic acid is used in the treatment of dermatological diseases.

Abstract: The invention is concerned with a process for the manufacture of 3-amino-pyrrolidine derivatives of the formula wherein R1 signifies hydrogen or an amino protecting group; Z signifies hydrogen or an amino protecting group; and * represents a center of chirality. 3-Amino-pyrrolidine derivatives, especially optically active 3-amino-pyrrolidine derivatives, are intermediates for the production of agrochemicals and of pharmaceutically active substances such as, for example, of vinylpyrrolidinone-cephalosporin derivatives.

Abstract: A process for the production of 9-(Z)-retinoic acid is described which comprises reacting an alkali metal salt of 3-methyl-4-oxocrotonic acid with a C15-triphenyl-phosphonium salt. 9-(Z)-retinoic acid is used in the treatment of dermatological diseases.

Abstract: Novel halophenyl derivatives of the general formula (I), wherein R1 is halogen, a leaving group or 1H-1,2,4-tria-zol-1-yl and R2 is ethynyl or carboxy, X1 is halogen and X2 and X3 are each independently hydrogen or halogen, and their manufacture are described. They are intermediates for manufacturing azole derivatives of the general formula (V) which are valuable medicaments useful for treating systemic mycoses.

Abstract: The invention is concerned with a process for the manufacture of vinylpyrrolidinone-cephalosporin derivatives from 3-amino-pyrrolidine derivatives of the formula 1

Abstract: The invention is concerned with a process for the manufacture of 3-amino-pyrrolidine derivatives of the formula 1

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process, and novel intermediates used in the manufacture of, dicarboxamides of the formula I ##STR1## wherein A, G, L, Q, X and Y have the meaning given in the specification, starting from corresponding N-substituted aspartic acid and from corresponding amines G-NHCH(X,Y), via corresponding N-substituted oxazolidinone and N,N-substituted aspartates.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process, and novel intermediates used in the manufacture of, dicarboxamides of the formula I ##STR1## wherein A, G, L, Q, X and Y have the meaning given in the specification, starting from corresponding N-substituted aspartic acid and from corresponding amines G-NHCH(X,Y), via corresponding N-substituted oxazolidinone and N,N-substituted aspartates.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of compounds of the general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 signifies hydroxy or an etherified hydroxy group, and of zeaxanthin by converting a compound of the general formula ##STR2## wherein R.sup.1 has the above significance, in an inert organic solvent into the acetylenide and reacting this with methyl vinyl ketone, reducing the alcoholate obtained or the alcohol (obtained after hydrolysis of the alcoholate) of the general formula ##STR3## wherein R.sup.1 has the above significance, in an inert organic solvent with an aluminum hydride of the general formulaR.sub.x MAlH.sub.4-x IIIwherein M signifies alkali metal, R represents C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 -alkoxy or a group of the formula C.sub.n H.sub.2n+1 --O--C.sub.m H.sub.2m --O--, m and n each individually denote whole numbers of 1 to 7 and x stands for 0, 1, 2 or 3,and subsequently hydrolyzing to give the compound of formula IV and, if desired, converting the compound of formula IV obtained into zeaxanthin.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of certain cycloalkenylalkenes, e.g. vitamin A acetate, comprises dehydrating 1-(5-acetoxy-3-methyl-penta-1,3-dienyl)-2,6,6-trimethyl-cyclo hexanol or 4 aetoxy-1-(5-acetoxy-3-methyl-penta-1,3-dienyl)-2,6,6-trimethyl-cyclohexano l or 1-(9-acetoxy-3,7-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-nona-2,5,7-trienyl)-2,6,6-trimethyl- cyclohexene in the presence of an alkali metal bromide or of manganese bromide or of a hydrate of such a bromide as the catalyst and in an organic solvent.The products are especially suitable as intermediates in carotinoid syntheses.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of compounds of the general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 signifies hydroxy or an etherified hydroxy group, and of zeaxanthin by converting a compound of the general formula ##STR2## wherein R.sup.1 has the above significance, in an inert organic solvent into the acetylenide and reacting this with methyl vinyl ketone, reducing the alcoholate obtained or the alcohol (obtained after hydrolysis of the alcoholate) of the general formula ##STR3## wherein R.sup.1 has the above significance, and subsequently hydrolyzing to give the compound of formula IV and, if desired, converting the compound of formula IV obtained into zeaxanthin.

Abstract: A process for producing cycloketones of a 5 or 6 carbon chain length through which said ketones are known intermediates for producing carotenoids.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein n is either 0 or 1; R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 is hydrogen and the other is hydrogen, hydroxy, oxo group, a protected hydroxy or protected oxo group; R.sup.3 is hydroxy oxo group, .dbd.CH--CH.sub.2 --OH, .dbd.CH--CHO or one of the foregoing groups where the hydroxy or oxo functions are protected; R.sup.4 is --CO--OR.sup.6, --CO--R.sup.6, --CO--NR.sup.6 R.sup.7, --CO--Cl or --SO.sub.2 --R.sup.6 ; R.sup.6 is saturated or aromatic hydrocarbon; and R.sup.7 is saturated or aromatic hydrocarbon or hydrogen,are converted by cleavage of R.sup.4 OH into corresponding cycloalkenes and protecting groups, if present, are hydrolyzed.The compounds obtained are valuable intermediates in carotenoid syntheses.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of 3-hydroxy-2,6,6,-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-2-one, an intermediate in canthaxanthin synthesis, by isomerizing 1,1,3-trimethyl-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-2-one in the presence of a palladium(O) complex of an acetone derivative of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are aryl and R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are hydrogen or monovalent hydrocarbon groups optionally carrying a carbonyl function, a bis-(diphenylphosphino) derivative of the formula(R.sup.5).sub.2 P--R.sup.6 --P(R.sup.5).sub.2wherein R.sup.5 is phenyl or tolyl and R.sup.6 is a C.sub.2 --C.sub.4 -alkylene group optionally substituted with one or more inert organic groups, and a triarylphosphine of the formulaP(R.sup.7).sub.3wherein R.sup.7 is an optionally alkyl-substituted phenyl group.