Abstract: Organic photovoltaic devices with compound charge transport layers are described herein. One such device includes a substrate, a first electrode coupled to the substrate, a second electrode disposed above the first electrode, and photoactive layers disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The device further includes a compound charge transport layer disposed between the photoactive layers and either the first electrode or the second electrode. The compound charge transport layer includes a charge transport layer and a metal-oxide interlayer disposed between the charge transport layer and the photoactive layers. The charge transport layer may be a hole transport layer or an electron transport layer.

Abstract: Photoactive compounds are disclosed. The disclosed compounds can exhibit molecular structural elements tending to increase the evaporability of the compounds, such as by including geometric core disruption by use of conformationally restricted side groups instead of freely rotatable side groups or use of indandione moieties instead of dicyanomethyleneindanone moieties. The disclosed photoactive compounds include those with an imine-bridging linking moiety, which can shift the optical properties to a more red-shifted absorbance as compared to compounds with an alkene-bridging linking moiety. The disclosed photoactive compounds can be used in organic photovoltaic devices, such as visibly transparent or opaque photovoltaic devices.

Abstract: Identifying on-line advertising conversions includes identifying, at a computer server system, a plurality of reports from one or more computing devices, wherein each of the reports indicates a clock skew between one of the computing devices and a clock server system; using the clock skews to determine that two or more of the reports are likely from a common computing device; determining that the two or more of the reports are common, in that they correspond to display of an advertisement on the common computing device and to purchase of on-line content with the common computing device; and indicating that a purchase conversion occurred based on determining that the two or more of the reports are common.

Abstract: Identifying on-line advertising conversions includes identifying, at a computer server system, a plurality of reports from one or more computing devices, wherein each of the reports indicates a clock skew between one of the computing devices and a clock server system; using the clock skews to determine that two or more of the reports are likely from a common computing device; determining that the two or more of the reports are common, in that they correspond to display of an advertisement on the common computing device and to purchase of on-line content with the common computing device; and indicating that a purchase conversion occurred based on determining that the two or more of the reports are common.