Abstract: Crystalliser for continuous casting of billets and blooms, including a monolithic tubular structure whose transverse section defines the section shape of the cast product, said tubular structure including a wall defined by an outer face and an inner face located in contact with the cast metal, said crystalliser including holes for the transit of cooling liquid, made in the thickness of the wall of the monolithic tubular structure, said holes being made on said wall in such a manner that the distance (“d”) between their longitudinal axis and the inner face of the wall of the crystalliser is between 5 and 20 mm.

Abstract: Device and corresponding method for the continuous casting of molten materials, comprising a vertical duct having the shape of a funnel made of refractory material for receiving molten material, and a second duct where the molten material is cooled off, the two ducts being set one on top of the other and being axially aligned. The molten material is injected into the channel, around a stretch of which electromagnetic means are set for generating magnetic forces on the molten material, the said means consisting of a plurality of windings of electrically conductive material and of a ferromagnetic core and may be electrically supplied to produce a magnetic flux along the direction of the channel, thus producing a set of forces acting on the molten material which are directed orthogonally with respect to the direction of the said magnetic flux so as to maintain detachment of the outer surface of the molten material from the walls of the channel.

Abstract: Device to take in fumes and cool the roof (10) of electric furnaces. The device has a central aperture (11) into which an electrode can be inserted and a peripheral aperture (12) to take in and discharge the fumes. The device also has a first cooling system (13) for a central zone surrounding, and cooperating with, the central aperture (11), and a second system (15) to take in and convey the fumes. The first cooling system (13) includes a circular cyclone chamber (18) having a plurality of turns (19) able to cool the zone surrounding the central aperture (11).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a high energy-saving process for preheating and carburation of directly reduced iron (DRI) to be conveyed to a melting process, by using melting furnace off-gas, which is characterized by a high temperature and a high CO-content.

Abstract: Gravitational type furnace for the direct reduction of mineral iron comprising a median reaction zone (14) in which the reactions to reduce the mineral iron occur, means (12, 13) to feed the mineral iron to said reaction zone (14), distribution means (16, 17, 18) to introduce reducing gas into said reaction zone (14), discharge means (15) to discharge the reduced metal iron, and an intake device (20) for the reducing gas, said intake device (20) being positioned in correspondence with a chamber (21) situated above said reaction zone (14), a toroidal grid (22) being arranged in said chamber (21).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a high energy-saving process for preheating and final reduction of directly reduced iron (DRI) to be conveyed to a melting process, by using melting furnace off-gas, which is characterized by a high temperature and a high CO-content.

Abstract: A cooled roof for electric arc furnaces (20) or ladle furnaces (29). The roof being used as a covering element and including a cooling system comprising tubes fed with cooling fluid. The roof including at least a central aperture (25) for the positioning and movement of the electrodes (30) and at least a peripheral aperture (14) for the aspiration and discharge of fumes. The aperture (14) being connected to intake systems. The roof including two single-block cooling structures, inner (1) and outer (12), consisting of respective bent tubes (15, 16) developing according to adjacent and superimposed rings or spirals. The inner (11) and outer (12) cooling structures being associated with one another at least in correspondence with the respective bases facing towards the inside of the furnace (20, 29). Between the inner cooling structure (11) and the outer cooling structure (12) there being defined an annular interspace (13) in which the fumes circulate in an annular direction and slow down.

Abstract: Device and relative method to inject technological gases and solid material in powder form, in a furnace used in steel and metallurgical melting processes, comprising an emission element including an outlet mouth arranged at a certain distance from the liquid bath, said emission element being innerly shaped as a double nozzle, respectively first and second, the first nozzle having a convergent/divergent conformation defined by a neck and being predisposed for the emission of a jet of gas at supersonic speed, said second nozzle having at the end a conformation convergent towards the axis of the emission element and being pre-disposed, according to the step of the melting process in progress, for the emission of a jet at subsonic speed either of technological gases alone, such as for example oxygen, or of solid material in powder form on a gassy vehicle, or of liquid in atomized form.

Abstract: High speed continuous casting device and method, comprising an ingot mold provided with a crystalliser having side-walls between which the product as it cools is suitable to take shape, the product then being sent to a guide, containing and possibly pre-rolling assembly located downstream of said ingot mold and cooperating with secondary cooling means, and a system of primary cooling associated with said side-walls, the crystalliser having a longitudinal development with a radius of curvature (“R”) having a value at least five times more than the first radius of curvature of the product in the secondary cooling zone located at the outlet of said crystalliser, wherein the length (L) of the walls is more than 1050 mm, so that a progressive and gradual deformation of the product being formed is obtained which prevents tensions, inner cracks and surface lesions from forming thereon.

Abstract: High speed continuous casting device and method, comprising an ingot mold provided with a crystalliser having side-walls between which the product as it cools is suitable to take shape, the product then being sent to a guide, containing and possibly pre-rolling assembly located downstream of the ingot mold and cooperating with secondary cooling, and a system of primary cooling associated with the side-walls, the crystalliser having a longitudinal development with a radius of curvature (“R”) having a value at least five times more than the first radius of curvature of the product in the secondary cooling zone located at the outlet of the crystalliser, wherein the length (L) of the walls is more than 1050 mm, so that a progressive and gradual deformation of the product being formed is obtained which prevents tensions, inner cracks and surface lesions from forming thereon.

Abstract: Nozzle for device to inject oxygen and technological gases used in metallurgical processing of metal melting, the nozzle being suitable to emit a gassy flow at supersonic velocity, the nozzle having a conformation symmetrical to a central axis (x) defined by a throat arranged between the inlet and the outlet, the throat defining an upstream part with a convergent development and a downstream part with a divergent development which ends in the outlet mouth, the nozzle with the convergent/divergent development having a geometry such that the fall in pressure of the gassy flow from inlet to outlet has a hyperbolic tangent development. Dimensioning method for the nozzle as above, the method providing an inverse dimensioning approach wherein the geometry of the nozzle is adapted to the natural profile of the fall in pressure of the gassy flow according to a hyperbolic tangent development, thus obtaining an optimum variation of the aerodynamic parameters according to the natural laws of expansion.

Abstract: In a continuous-casting plant which uses a tank made of refractory material set on top of the crystallizer for removing the meniscus and the supernatant layer of covering powders from the solidification area, around the said tank there are electromagnetic means designed to generate variable magnetic fields for slowing down and making uniform the disordered flow of liquid metal inside the said tank, whilst at the joint between the tank and the crystallizer, other electromagnetic means are set which are designed to generate a direct magnetic field so as to remove locally the liquid metal from the walls of the tank and of the crystallizer.

Abstract: This invention is an electric arc furnace that can be continuously charged with ferrous materials, that can continuously melt the incoming charged materials, and that can semicontinuously tap molten steel by tilting to tap one side of the furnace or another. Continuous melting and refining can occur in lateral shafts adjacent to the central melting zone, and molten steel can be tapped from either of these shafts or directly from the central melting zone if desired. The furnace can be operated and tapped continuously, which provides many distinct advantages over what is currently available in the art.

Abstract: Cooling device with panels for electric arc furnaces, employed in an electric furnace in cooperation with the vertical sidewall located above the lower shell (11) of the furnace and/or with the roof (18), the furnace comprising a lower shell (11) to contain the bath of liquid metal (12) and an overhead upper shell defined by a plurality of panels (16) consisting of cooling tubes (17), the upper shell being covered by the roof (18), the lower shell (11) including a containing element (15) made of metal on the outer part, the internal refractory including an upper edge (11a) located approximately at the upper line of the layer of slag (14) present above the bath of molten metal (12), each panel (16) including an outer layer (19a), an intermediate layer (19b) and at least an inner layer (19c) of cooling tubes (17), the layers developing vertically along the vertical sidewall of the furnace above the refractory edge of the lower shell (11), the cooling tubes (17), the layers developing vertically along the vertic

Abstract: Device to cool and protect a cathode in an electric arc furnace, wherein the cathode comprises at least a consumable column, a structure, hollow on the inside and containing a cooling liquid, arranged around the column and provided with a first lower chamber in which a liquid is suitable to evaporate and a second upper chamber in which the condensation of steam is suitable to occur, at least two vertical conduits being provided to connect the two chambers.

Abstract: System to plug the roof of an electric arc furnace having a main chamber or melting volume arranged below the roof and at least one electrode introduced into the main chamber, the system comprising an upper element or auxiliary roof element arranged on the top of the roof and shaped so as to define an inner chamber and at least a central aperture through which the electrode can be moved, the auxiliary roof element consisting of a plurality of pipes inside which a cooling fluid circulates under pressure.

Abstract: Aspiration system to reduce the losses of fine materials and powders from an electric arc furnace having a lower hearth suitable to contain the bath of metal material being melted, a substantially cylindrical chamber arranged above the hearth, at least one electrode arranged in a central zone of the chamber and a roof arranged to cover the chamber and provided with at least one aperture through which the fumes produced by the bath can exit, the system comprising a first aspiration sub-system arranged inside the chamber and at least another discharge sub-system arranged in correspondence with the roof, the first aspiration sub-system comprising a coil of cooling pipes arranged helical so as to define, in a vertical direction, empty zones between the spirals of pipes, the coil of cooling pipes being distanced from the cylindrical wall of the chamber to define a peripheral interspace through which the fumes can ascend towards the roof according to at least an ascensional, rotatory vortex.

Abstract: Method to process fumes performed on fumes discharged directly from furnaces (10) through an aperture (11) in their roof or from loading baskets (13) used to pre-heat scrap which is to be loaded into a furnace, the fumes (17) afterwards being sent to a purification plant (24) and to a chimney, the fumes (17) leaving the furnace (10) and/or the loading baskets (13) through a cooled conduit (14) being made to pass through at least a first transit chamber where they are subjected to a post-combustion process before being sent to the purification plant (24) and the chimney, the first transit chamber being a first expansion chamber and the fumes entering the first expansion chamber (15a) expanding in correspondence with a wider section (215a) therein at the entrance thereto and being deflected by a deflector element (18) arranged substantially at the center of the wider section (215a), the expansion and deflection causing the fumes to decelerate from a speed at the inlet of around 20 to 50 meters per second to a s

Abstract: Basket to manipulate scrap in cooperation with an arc furnace (11) and with means to pre-heat the scrap by means of the fumes from the fourth hole (14), the basket being able to be associated with a movable covering system (16) and including a containing body, a bottom equipped with toothed lower closing means which may be momentarily opened, and lateral extensions for moving and positioning the basket, the containing body comprising a first upper part (10a) which acts as a buffer store to temporally increase the capacity of the basket (10) and a second lower part (10b) to contain the scrap, with a capacity substantially mating with the volume of the load of the melting furnace (110) which it has to feed, wherein the second lower part (10b) is associated with cooling means.

Abstract: System to load pre-heated scrap by means of baskets for electric arc furnace, the furnace including a movable roof (28), at least one basket (15) loaded with scrap being arranged in a lateral position near the furnace, the basket (15) being associated with a movable covering system (18), there being included at least a pipe (20) connecting the fourth hole of the furnace with the inside of the basket (15) to convey the fumes leaving the furnace (12) with the function of pre-heating the scrap, the pipe (20) being associated with the covering system (18) and able to be moved therewith, the basket (15) being associated with moving means (16a).