Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus and method for production of natural dye from skin of fruits using submerged membrane water extractor system. The process uses an ultrafiltration submerged membrane and nanofiltration cross flow membrane. The product containing the natural dye flows through the membrane contains plentiful of pure natural dye. This process is the integrated by extractor and membrane (ultrafiltration and nanofiltration) technology.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus and method for production of natural dye from skin of fruits using submerged membrane water extractor system. The process uses an ultrafiltration submerged membrane and nanofiltration cross flow membrane. The product containing the natural dye flows through the membrane contains plentiful of pure natural dye. This process is the integrated by extractor and membrane (ultrafiltration and nanofiltration) technology.

Abstract: The treatment system known as SMBR for treatment of batik waste effluent, said system combines the activated sludge process with a semi permeable bio-membrane submerged in the process water that is capable of treating and filtering particulate waste constituents from the mixed liquor solution of batik effluent, thus subsequently provide treated batik effluent of high quality, reusable and particle free effluent. The semi-permeable membrane (bio-membrane) (7) has a pore size of approximately 6 nm to provide permeate comprised of batik effluent compliant to the Standard A of regulations stipulated by the Department of Environment (DOE) Malaysia. Air scouring (8) is maintained in the body of water in the range of 1 LPM to 4 LPM for purpose of minimizing membrane fouling, subsequently lead to relatively stable suction operation at low transmembrane pressure (TMP below 1 bar), lesser hydraulic retention time (4-24 hours) and longer backwash requirement (30 days).

Abstract: The present invention provides a bio-membrane formulation to be used to eliminate microorganism, turbidity, suspended particles and organic matters from drinking water wherein the bio-membrane includes a polysulfone with a concentration of 15%-18%, N,N-dimethylacetamide of 65%-70% and poly (vinyl-pyrolidone)-K30 at 10%-15%.