Abstract: Provided is an encoding apparatus for integrally encoding and decoding a speech signal and a audio signal, and may include: an input signal analyzer to analyze a characteristic of an input signal; a stereo encoder to down mix the input signal to a mono signal when the input signal is a stereo signal, and to extract stereo sound image information; a frequency band expander to expand a frequency band of the input signal; a sampling rate converter to convert a sampling rate; a speech signal encoder to encode the input signal using a speech encoding module when the input signal is a speech characteristics signal; a audio signal encoder to encode the input signal using a audio encoding module when the input signal is a audio characteristic signal; and a bitstream generator to generate a bitstream.

Abstract: A display device includes a substrate, a circuit layer, and an element layer. The circuit layer includes: light emitting pixel drivers; data lines; demux circuits outputting the data signal of the data lines based on a data mux signal supplied from a display driving circuit; and data transmission lines electrically connected between the display driving circuit and the demux circuits, and transmitting data mux signals of the demux circuits, respectively. The data transmission lines include: a first data transmission line electrically connected to a first demux circuit adjacent to an edge of the substrate in a first direction; and a second data transmission line electrically connected to a second demux circuit spaced further apart from the edge of the substrate than the first demux circuit in the first direction. The second data transmission line is electrically connected to a path compensation capacitor in the sub-region.

Abstract: A base station transmits a random access response in response to a random access request (random access preamble) of a user equipment. The random access response includes information about a time when the random access request is transmitted and sequence number information of the random access request (random access preamble). The user equipment checks whether the received random access response is the response of the random access request transmitted by the user equipment, using the information about the time when the random access request is transmitted and the sequence number information included in the received random access response.

Abstract: A display device including a touch sensing unit including a first touch conductive layer, a first touch insulating layer disposed on the first touch conductive layer, and a second touch conductive layer disposed on the first touch insulating layer. The touch sensor area includes a first touch sensor area located at a center of the touch sensor area, and a second touch sensor area located between the first touch sensor area and the curved portion. The first touch conductive layer includes a touch connection electrode connecting adjacent first touch electrodes, and a plurality of capacitance (cap) compensation patterns arranged in the second touch sensor area. The plurality of cap compensation patterns includes a first cap compensation pattern electrically connected to the adjacent first touch electrode and a second cap compensation pattern electrically connected to the adjacent second touch electrode.

Abstract: In a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device, first to third active fins are formed on a substrate. Each of the first to third active fins extends in a first direction, and the second active fin, the first active fin, and the third active fin are disposed in this order in a second direction crossing the first direction. The second active fin is removed using a first etching mask covering the first and third active fins. The third active fin is removed using a second etching mask covering the first active fin and a portion of the substrate from which the second active fin is removed. A first gate structure is formed on the first active fin. A first source/drain layer is formed on a portion of the first active fin adjacent the first gate structure.

Abstract: Disclosed is an operating method of an electronic device for manufacture of a semiconductor device. The method includes receiving, at the electronic device, a computer-aided design (CAD) image for a lithography process of the semiconductor device, and generating, at the electronic device, a first scanning electron microscope (SEM) image and a first segment (SEG) image from the CAD image by using a machine learning-based module, and the first SEG image includes information about a location of a defect.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a substrate that includes a first surface and a second surface, a first source/drain pattern disposed on the first surface of the substrate, a second source/drain pattern disposed on the first surface of the, a first source/drain contact disposed on the first source/drain pattern and connected to the first source/drain pattern, a second source/drain contact disposed on the second source/drain pattern and connected to the second source/drain pattern, a rear wiring line disposed on the second surface of the substrate, a first contact connection via that connects the rear wiring line with the first source/drain contact, a second contact connection via that connects the rear wiring line with the second source/drain contact and is spaced apart from the first contact connection via, and an air gap structure disposed between the first contact connection via and the second contact connection via.

Abstract: A display device includes a display panel including a circuit element layer and a light emitting element layer on the circuit element layer, and a first light conversion layer, a second light conversion layer, and a light transmitting layer on the display panel and spaced apart from one another. The light emitting element layer includes a pixel defining layer that defines light emitting openings that overlap the first light conversion layer, the second light conversion layer, and the light transmitting layer, a plurality of light emitting elements arranged in the light emitting openings, respectively, and a barrier wall on the pixel defining layer, the barrier wall being black in color. When viewed from above, the barrier wall is located between light emitting elements adjacent to each other among the plurality of light emitting elements and extends parallel to sides of the adjacent light emitting elements that face each other.

Abstract: An encoding apparatus and a decoding apparatus in a transform between a Modified Discrete Cosine Transform (MDCT)-based coder and a different coder are provided. The encoding apparatus may encode additional information to restore an input signal encoded according to the MIDCT-based coding scheme, when switching occurs between the MDCT-based coder and the different coder. Accordingly, an unnecessary bitstream may be prevented from being generated, and minimum additional information may be encoded.

Abstract: A water-cooled heat dissipation module assembly capable of cooling a power module of a vehicle driving inverter system using a battery or fuel cell. The water-cooled heat dissipation module assembly includes a housing unit provided in the form of a housing having an opening portion at least partially opened at one side thereof. The housing unit and at least a part of a rim region of the cooling unit are made of a plastic material, and the housing unit and the cooling unit are joined to each other by plastic welding using a laser.

Abstract: A method for refining waste plastic pyrolysis oil is provided, including: applying a voltage to a first mixed solution obtained by mixing waste plastic pyrolysis oil, washing water, and a demulsifier to dehydrate the first mixed solution to form a dehydrated first mixed solution; and hydrotreating a second mixed solution obtained by mixing the dehydrated first mixed solution dehydrated and a sulfur source to produce refined oil from which impurities have been removed, and a device related thereto. The method and device may prevent or minimize formation of an ammonium salt (NH4Cl) and/or prevent adhesion of impurity particles in a refining process of waste plastic pyrolysis oil containing impurities such as chlorine and nitrogen, and provides waste plastic pyrolysis oil having low content of impurities and olefins and excellent quality, and thus, may be used as a feedstock for blending with existing petroleum products or oil refining and petrochemical processes.

Abstract: An embodiment vehicle body side structure includes a front pillar located behind a front wheel, the front pillar comprising a chamfer surface that is diagonally inclined from a lower portion of the front pillar towards an interior of a vehicle, the chamfer surface being aligned with the front wheel in a longitudinal direction of the vehicle, and a side sill connected to the lower portion of the front pillar.

Abstract: A multilayer capacitor includes: a body including a capacitance region in which at least one first internal electrode and at least one second internal electrode are alternately laminated in a first direction with at least one dielectric layer interposed therebetween; and first and second external electrodes spaced apart from each other and respectively disposed on first and second surfaces of the body, the first and second surfaces opposing each other. The body further includes a first via electrode, connecting the at least one first internal electrode and the first external electrode to each other in the first direction, and a second via electrode connecting the at least one second internal electrode and the second external electrode to each other in the first direction.

Abstract: There is provided a semiconductor device capable of improving electrical characteristics and integration density. The semiconductor device includes an active pattern protruding from a substrate, the active pattern including long sidewalls extending in a first direction and opposite to each other in a second direction, a lower epitaxial pattern on the substrate and covering a part of the active pattern, a gate electrode on the lower epitaxial pattern and extending along the long sidewalls of the active pattern, and an upper epitaxial pattern on the active pattern and connected to an upper surface of the active pattern. The active pattern includes short sidewalls connecting with the long sidewalls of the active pattern, and at least one of the short sidewalls of the active pattern has a curved surface.

Abstract: Provided is an encoding apparatus for integrally encoding and decoding a speech signal and a audio signal, and may include: an input signal analyzer to analyze a characteristic of an input signal; a stereo encoder to down mix the input signal to a mono signal when the input signal is a stereo signal, and to extract stereo sound image information; a frequency band expander to expand a frequency band of the input signal; a sampling rate converter to convert a sampling rate; a speech signal encoder to encode the input signal using a speech encoding module when the input signal is a speech characteristics signal; a audio signal encoder to encode the input signal using a audio encoding module when the input signal is a audio characteristic signal; and a bitstream generator to generate a bitstream.

Abstract: A test device for a semiconductor package and provides a test device for a semiconductor package for enlarging a pick and place area of a lower package to an entire size of the lower package using a floating plate movably coupled to a pusher and having a silicon pad disposed between the pusher and the floating plate to be moveable by elasticity of the silicon pad.

Abstract: An apparatus for testing a semiconductor package, in which a second test circuit board, which is disposed on an upper socket assembly to form a vacuum line in the related art, is removed, and a vacuum guide including two components disposed between an upper socket and an upper package. The vacuum guide including a conductive guide member made of an inelastic insulating material disposed on a conductive region part to prevent an electrical short circuit, and a peripheral guide member made of a metallic material having rigidity and disposed on a peripheral region portion to prevent deformation of a vacuum line, such that a length of a signal path is significantly decreased, high-speed signal transmission is possible. The stable vacuum line is ensured in the upper socket assembly, and vacuum pressure from a vacuum generation device is smoothly applied to a vacuum picker.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method for removing chlorine from a process solution in zinc hydrometallurgy, the method comprising: a step for preparing the process solution from a leaching process of leaching a zinc calcine; a step for introducing the process solution to a reactor and introducing a lead concentrate into the reactor while blowing-in oxygen; a step for solid-liquid separating of a slurry in a filtration tank, the slurry being produced in the reactor; and a step for post-processing a filtrate and a lead concentrate residue separated in the step for solid-liquid separating, wherein chlorine ions in the process solution and silver contained in the lead concentrate react with each other in the reactor to precipitate a silver chloride.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease associated with a peripheral nervous system, comprising a compound represented by formula I, optical isomers thereof or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof as an active ingredient, a method for preventing or treating Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease associated with the peripheral nervous system using the compound, a use of the compound for preventing or treating Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease associated with the peripheral nervous system, and a use of the compound in preparing a medicament for preventing or treating Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease associated with the peripheral nervous system.

Abstract: The test circuit monitoring positive bias temperature instability (PBTI) includes a PBTI monitoring unit driven according to a power voltage, the PBTI monitoring unit outputting an output voltage having a potential that is equal to or lower than a potential of the power voltage according to a PBTI degradation rate of an NMOS transistor; and a degradation determiner for determining the PBTI degradation rate by comparing the potential of the output voltage to the potential of the power voltage.