Abstract: A method for forming a phase change memory device is disclosed. A substrate with a bottom electrode thereon is provided. A heating electrode and a dielectric layer are formed on the bottom electrode, wherein the heating electrode is surrounded by the dielectric layer. The heating electrode is etched to form recess in the dielectric layer. A phase change material is deposited on the dielectric layer, filling into the recess. The phase change material is polished to remove a portion of the phase change material exceeding the surface of the dielectric layer and a phase change layer is formed confined in the recess of the dielectric layer. A top electrode is formed on the phase change layer and the dielectric layer.

Abstract: A phase change memory device is provided, including a substrate, a first dielectric layer disposed over the substrate, a first electrode disposed in the first dielectric layer, a second dielectric layer formed over the first dielectric layer, covering the first electrode, a heating electrode disposed in the second dielectric layer, contacting the first electrode, a phase change material layer disposed over the second dielectric layer, contacting the heating electrode, and a second electrode disposed over the phase change material layer. In one embodiment, the heating electrode includes a first portion contacting the first electrode and a second portion contacting the phase change material layer, and the second portion of the heating electrode includes metal silicides and the first portion of the heating electrode includes no metal silicides.

Abstract: A method for forming a phase change memory device is disclosed. A substrate with a bottom electrode thereon is provided. A heating electrode and a dielectric layer are formed on the bottom electrode, wherein the heating electrode is surrounded by the dielectric layer. The heating electrode is etched to form recess in the dielectric layer. A phase change material is deposited on the dielectric layer, filling into the recess. The phase change material is polished to remove a portion of the phase change material exceeding the surface of the dielectric layer and a phase change layer is formed confined in the recess of the dielectric layer. A top electrode is formed on the phase change layer and the dielectric layer.

Abstract: A phase change memory device is provided, including a substrate, a first dielectric layer disposed over the substrate, a first electrode disposed in the first dielectric layer, a second dielectric layer formed over the first dielectric layer, covering the first electrode, a heating electrode disposed in the second dielectric layer, contacting the first electrode, a phase change material layer disposed over the second dielectric layer, contacting the heating electrode, and a second electrode disposed over the phase change material layer. In one embodiment, the heating electrode includes a first portion contacting the first electrode and a second portion contacting the phase change material layer, and the second portion of the heating electrode includes metal silicides and the first portion of the heating electrode includes no metal silicides.

Abstract: A method for avoiding copper extrusion during a damascene process is disclosed. A semiconductor wafer including a substrate with at least one copper conductive wire on the substrate is provided. A dielectric layer on the copper conductive wire is formed. A damascene structure having an opening exposing a portion of the copper conductive wire is formed using the dielectric layer. A degassing process to make gas escape from the dielectric layer is performed. A barrier layer on portions of the exposed surface of the copper conductive wire and the damascene structure of the dielectric layer is formed. A conductive layer on the barrier layer is formed.

Abstract: A method for avoiding copper extrusion during a damascene process is disclosed. A semiconductor wafer including a substrate with at least one copper conductive wire on the substrate is provided. A dielectric layer on the copper conductive wire is formed. A damascene structure having an opening exposing a portion of the copper conductive wire is formed using the dielectric layer. A degassing process to make gas escape from the dielectric layer is performed. A barrier layer on portions of the exposed surface of the copper conductive wire and the damascene structure of the dielectric layer is formed. A conductive layer on the barrier layer is formed.

Abstract: A vehicular external mirror assembly includes a casing having a mirror unit and a tubular member. A first tube has a twisted oblique elongated slot extending longitudinally between a first open top and a first open bottom end of the first tube. The tubular member is slidably sleeved onto the first tube. A threaded rotatable shaft is mounted in the first tube. An elevating unit includes an annular member threadably engaging the rotatable shaft. The annular member has a radial stud projecting through said elongated slot slidably to engage the same and being connected to the tabular member of the casing. An electrical driving unit connected to a lower end of the rotatable shaft includes a motor and a gear assembly interconnecting the lower end of the rotatable shaft and the motor.