Abstract: In some implementations, one or more semiconductor processing tools may form a metal cap on a metal gate. The one or more semiconductor processing tools may form one or more dielectric layers on the metal cap. The one or more semiconductor processing tools may form a recess to the metal cap within the one or more dielectric layers. The one or more semiconductor processing tools may perform a bottom-up deposition of metal material on the metal cap to form a metal plug within the recess and directly on the metal cap.

Abstract: A method and system for transmitting and receiving data packets between two network nodes via one or more end-to-end connections. An interface is provided for selecting one or more possible end-to-end connection(s) or established end-to-end connection(s). The method and system may further comprise receiving a policy, wherein one or more selected end-to-end connections are established based, at least in part, on the policy. The policy may also restrict or promote selection of certain established end-to-end connection(s) via the interface provided. The selected and established end-to-end connection(s) are used for transmitting and receiving data packets.

Abstract: A method and system for transmitting and receiving data packets between two network nodes via one or more end-to-end connections. An interface is provided for selecting one or more possible end-to-end connection(s) or established end-to-end connection(s). The method and system may further comprise receiving a policy, wherein one or more selected end-to-end connections are established based, at least in part, on the policy. The policy may also restrict or promote selection of certain established end-to-end connection(s) via the interface provided. The selected and established end-to-end connection(s) are used for transmitting and receiving data packets.

Abstract: A method and system for transmitting and receiving data packets between two network nodes via one or more end-to-end connections. An interface is provided for selecting one or more possible end-to-end connection(s) or established end-to-end connection(s). The method and system may further comprise receiving a policy, wherein one or more selected end-to-end connections are established based, at least in part, on the policy. The policy may also restrict or promote selection of certain established end-to-end connection(s) via the interface provided. The selected and established end-to-end connection(s) are used for transmitting and receiving data packets.

Abstract: A method and system for transmitting and receiving data packets between two network nodes via one or more end-to-end connections. An interface is provided for selecting one or more possible end-to-end connection(s) or established end-to-end connection(s). The method and system may further comprise receiving a policy, wherein one or more selected end-to-end connections are established based, at least in part, on the policy. The policy may also restrict or promote selection of certain established end-to-end connection(s) via the interface provided. The selected and established end-to-end connection(s) are used for transmitting and receiving data packets.

Abstract: A method and system for processing Domain Name Services (DNS) request in a gateway. The gateway receives a DNS request from a host from its local area network. The gateway then selects DNS server(s) and transmits a new DNS request to at least one DNS server(s). DNS server(s) may or may not be accessible through a first tunnel. The contents of the new DNS request are the same as the content of the received DNS request. Further, when the gateway receives a DNS response corresponding to the DNS request, it determines a decision whether to transfer data to the host whose IP address is specified in the DNS response through a second tunnel. The decision may be based on a geographical location of an IP address.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for processing DNS request in a gateway with WAN and LAN interfaces. The gateway receives a first DNS request from a host via the LAN interface. The gateway selects DNS servers according to predefined selection policies and selects access networks that are authorized to send new DNS requests. The new DNS requests and the first DNA request have the same content. The gateway transmits the new DNS requests to corresponding DNS sever of the selected access networks through the selected access networks and via the WAN interfaces that are connected to the selected access networks. The gateway then identifies valid DNS responses from DNS responses received from the corresponding DNS server. The gateway selects one of the identified valid DNS responses and generates a first new DNS response with the same content thereof. The gateway sends the first new DNS response to the host.

Abstract: A method and system for processing Domain Name Services (DNS) request in a gateway. The gateway receives a DNS request from a host from its local area network. The gateway then selects DNS server(s) and transmits a new DNS request to at least one DNS server(s). DNS server(s) may or may not be accessible through a first tunnel. The contents of the new DNS request are the same as the content of the received DNS request. Further, when the gateway receives a DNS response corresponding to the DNS request, it determines a decision whether to transfer data to the host whose IP address is specified in the DNS response through a second tunnel. The decision may be based on a geographical location of an IP address.

Abstract: A method and system for processing Domain name Services (DNS) request in a gateway. The gateway receives a DNS request from a host from its local area network. The gateway then selects DNS server(s) and transmits a new DNS request to at least one DNS server(s). DNS server(s) may or may not be accessible through a first tunnel. The contents of the new DNS request are the same as the content of the received DNS request. Further, when the gateway receives a DNS response corresponding to the DNS request, it determines a decision whether to transfer data to the host whose IP address is specified in the DNS response through a second tunnel. The decision may be based on a geographical location of an IP address.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for processing DNS request in a gateway with WAN and LAN interfaces. The gateway receives a first DNS request from a host via the LAN interface. The gateway selects DNS servers according to predefined selection policies and selects access networks that are authorized to send new DNS requests. The new DNS requests and the first DNA request have the same content. The gateway transmits the new DNS requests to corresponding DNS sever of the selected access networks through the selected access networks and via the WAN interfaces that are connected to the selected access networks. The gateway then identifies valid DNS responses from DNS responses received from the corresponding DNS server. The gateway selects one of the identified valid DNS responses and generates a first new DNS response with the same content thereof. The gateway sends the first new DNS response to the host.

Abstract: A method and system for processing Domain name Services (DNS) request in a gateway with at least one local area network (LAN) interface and at least one wide area network (WAN) interface. The gateway receives a first DNS request from a first host via one of the at least one LAN interface of the gateway. The gateway then selects a plurality of DNS servers. At least one of the plurality of DNS server is accessible through at least one tunnel. The gateway transmits a plurality of new DNS requests to the plurality of DNS servers. The contents of the plurality of new DNS requests are the same as the content of the first DNS request.

Abstract: Methods and systems for processing Domain Name Service (DNS) request in a gateway with a plurality of WAN network interfaces. After receiving a first DNS request via one of network interfaces of the gateway, the gateway selects at least one DNS server and at least one access network and then transmits a plurality of new DNS requests to the selected at least one DNS server through the selected at least one access network and via one of network interfaces of the gateway.

Abstract: A method and system for transmitting and receiving data packets between two network nodes via one or more end-to-end connections. An interface is provided for selecting one or more possible end-to-end connection(s) or established end-to-end connection(s). The method and system may further comprise receiving a policy, wherein one or more selected end-to-end connections are established based, at least in part, on the policy. The policy may also restrict or promote selection of certain established end-to-end connection(s) via the interface provided. The selected and established end-to-end connection(s) are used for transmitting and receiving data packets.

Abstract: A method and system for processing Domain name Services (DNS) request in a gateway with at least one local area network (LAN) interface and at least one wide area network (WAN) interface. The gateway receives a first DNS request from a first host via one of the at least one LAN interface of the gateway. The gateway then selects a plurality of DNS servers. At least one of the plurality of DNS server is accessible through at least one tunnel. The gateway transmits a plurality of new DNS requests to the plurality of DNS servers. The contents of the plurality of new DNS requests are the same as the content of the first DNS request.

Abstract: A method and system for processing Domain name Services (DNS) request in a gateway. The gateway receives a DNS request from a host from its local area network. The gateway then selects DNS server(s) and transmits a new DNS request to at least one DNS server(s). DNS server(s) may or may not be accessible through a first tunnel. The contents of the new DNS request are the same as the content of the received DNS request. Further, when the gateway receives a DNS response corresponding to the DNS request, it determines a decision whether to transfer data to the host whose IP address is specified in the DNS response through a second tunnel. The decision may be based on a geographical location of an IP address.

Abstract: Methods and systems for processing Domain Name Service (DNS) request in a gateway with a plurality of WAN network interfaces. After receiving a first DNS request via one of network interfaces of the gateway, the gateway selects at least one DNS server and at least one access network and then transmits a plurality of new DNS requests to the selected at least one DNS server through the selected at least one access network and via one of network interfaces of the gateway.