Abstract: A phase change memory (PCM) cell and fabricating method thereof are provided. A phase change layer is etched into a tapered structure, and then a dielectric layer on the phase change layer is planarized, until a tip of the tapered structure is exposed for contacting a heating electrode. Therefore, when the area of the exposed tip of the phase change layer is controlled to be of an extremely small size, the contact area between the phase change layer and the heating electrode is reduced; thereby the operation current is lowered.

Abstract: A rapid GUI refacing system can include one or more display grids, each display grid mapping sections in a legacy application with selected GUI elements in a refaced GUI. The system also can include one or more smart masters, each smart master specifying an arrangement of content and presentation elements in the refaced GUI. The system yet further can include a GUI transformation template generator configured to generate GUI transformation templates from individual combinations of individual ones of the display grids and individual ones of the smart masters. Finally, the system can include a GUI refacing service configured both to select individual matching ones of the generated GUI transformation templates, and also to transform content in the sections in the legacy application into the refaced GUI using the mapped GUI elements according to transformation instructions contained in the selected individual matching ones of the generated GUI transformation templates.

Abstract: A rapid GUI refacing system can include one or more display grids, each display grid mapping sections in a legacy application with selected GUI elements in a refaced GUI. The system also can include one or more smart masters, each smart master specifying an arrangement of content and presentation elements in the refaced GUI. The system yet further can include a GUI transformation template generator configured to generate GUI transformation templates from individual combinations of individual ones of the display grids and individual ones of the smart masters. Finally, the system can include a GUI refacing service configured both to select individual matching ones of the generated GUI transformation templates, and also to transform content in the sections in the legacy application into the refaced GUI using the mapped GUI elements according to transformation instructions contained in the selected individual matching ones of the generated GUI transformation templates.