Abstract: A method includes forming a transistor, which includes forming a dummy gate stack over a semiconductor region, and forming an Inter-Layer Dielectric (ILD). The dummy gate stack is in the ILD, and the ILD covers a source/drain region in the semiconductor region. The method further includes removing the dummy gate stack to form a trench in the first ILD, forming a low-k gate spacer in the trench, forming a replacement gate dielectric extending into the trench, forming a metal layer to fill the trench, and performing a planarization to remove excess portions of the replacement gate dielectric and the metal layer to form a gate dielectric and a metal gate, respectively. A source region and a drain region are then formed on opposite sides of the metal gate.

Abstract: A memory interface includes a buffer for storing requests for accessing a volatile memory, which includes at least two ranks of memory cell of a memory channel The memory interface monitors the requests to access each rank in the buffer. Upon detecting from the requests that a given rank of the at least two ranks is to be idle for a time period exceeding a time threshold, the circuitry signals a controller to command the given rank to enter a self-refresh mode independent of a refresh mode of other ranks. The memory interface is coupled to a processor, which executes an operating system (OS) kernel to prioritize memory allocation from a prioritized rank of the at least two ranks over the given rank, and migrates allocated memory blocks from the given rank to the prioritized rank to increase a probability of idleness of the given rank.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for managing memory space in an electronic device including: selecting a candidate page from a first memory space for swapping the candidate page out of the first memory space into the second memory space; compressing the candidate page to obtain a first compressed page and a first hash value of the first compressed page; performing a comparison using the first hash value of the first compressed page and the hash values of the pages stored in a second memory space to find whether the pages have the same content as the first compressed page or the candidate page; and if a page is found to have the same content as the first compressed page or the candidate page, mapping a virtual address of the first compressed page or the candidate page to the found page.

Abstract: A memory interface includes a buffer for storing requests for accessing a volatile memory, which includes at least two ranks of memory cell of a memory channel The memory interface monitors the requests to access each rank in the buffer. Upon detecting from the requests that a given rank of the at least two ranks is to be idle for a time period exceeding a time threshold, the circuitry signals a controller to command the given rank to enter a self-refresh mode independent of a refresh mode of other ranks. The memory interface is coupled to a processor, which executes an operating system (OS) kernel to prioritize memory allocation from a prioritized rank of the at least two ranks over the given rank, and migrates allocated memory blocks from the given rank to the prioritized rank to increase a probability of idleness of the given rank.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for managing memory space in an electronic device including: selecting a candidate page from a first memory space for swapping the candidate page out of the first memory space into the second memory space; compressing the candidate page to obtain a first compressed page and a first hash value of the first compressed page; performing a comparison using the first hash value of the first compressed page and the hash values of the pages stored in a second memory space to find whether the pages have the same content as the first compressed page or the candidate page; and if a page is found to have the same content as the first compressed page or the candidate page, mapping a virtual address of the first compressed page or the candidate page to the found page.

Abstract: Techniques and implementations pertaining to a heterogeneous swap space with dynamic thresholds are provided. A technique may provide a list of a plurality of swap areas in a heterogeneous swap space. The swap areas may include at least two swap areas that are different from each other in one or more characteristics. The technique may also compute a dynamic threshold associated with a page in need of swapping and determine a priority level of the page in need of swapping based on the dynamic threshold. The technique may further select one of the swap areas from the list of swap areas for the swapping of the page in response to a determination of the priority level of the page.

Abstract: A light-emitting touch keyboard includes a reflecting sheet, a touch element, a plurality of scattering/reflecting points, and at least one light emitting element. The touch element includes at least one transparent material layer. A light ray emitted by the light emitting element penetrates the transparent material layer, and then is reflected outside the touch element by the reflecting sheet and the plurality of scattering/reflecting points.

Abstract: A keyboard structure includes a light guide plate, a circuit board and a key sheet sequentially disposed on a reflecting sheet. A plurality of scattering and reflection points is located under the light guide plate and at least one light-emitting element on one side of the light guide plate. The key sheet has a one-piece formed body and a plurality of pressing portions. The plurality of pressing portions may be actuated to shift and conduct a sensor on the circuit board. Each pressing portion further has a light transmissive area. A light ray emitted by the light-emitting element passes through the light guide plate, and is reflected by the reflecting sheet to the light guide plate and the key sheet. Then, the light ray comes out of the key sheet through the light transmissive areas of the pressing portions.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a stent for supporting a sidewall of a lumen which contains a first fluid. The stent comprises a stent body, a film and a photosensitizing layer. The stent body is disposed inside the lumen. The film is adapted to be penetrated by a light and covers the stent body. The photosensitizing layer is disposed on an outer surface of the film for receiving the light to generate a first object, and the film separates the photosensitizing layer and the first fluid. The film and the photosensitizing layer of the present invention can greatly reduce the needed dosage of the photosensitizer while maintaining the effective concentration of the photosensitizer around tumor cells.

Abstract: A circuit substrate and at least one light-emitting diode (LED) chip are adhered to a heatsink substrate in sequence, and then a packaging material is formed on the LED chip. The circuit substrate has at least one through hole, and the LED chip is buried in the through hole on the circuit substrate so that the LED chip is in direct contact with the heatsink substrate, so as to reduce the thermal resistance between the LED chip and the heatsink substrate, thus effectively dissipating the heat energy of the LED chip through the heatsink substrate.

Abstract: A thin film of a medical implant includes a surface, a plurality of walls and a plurality of paths. The walls are disposed on the surface, and formed to shapes of arc. The paths are disposed on the surface, wherein each of the paths is located among the walls. The walls and paths have a plurality of holes. According to the thin film of the present disclosure, the walls are formed to shapes of arc, and have no acute anger, whereby the biological cells can helpfully grow and attach on the thin film quickly. Furthermore, the thin film has the holes, which provide cell tissue, such as pseudopod, tentacle, etc. of the biological cells to grow and attach therein, whereby the biological cyto-affinity of the thin film can be increased so as to increase the biological cyto-compatibility of the medical implant.

Abstract: A keyboard structure includes a light guide plate, a circuit board and a key sheet sequentially disposed on a reflecting sheet. A plurality of scattering and reflection points is located under the light guide plate and at least one light-emitting element on one side of the light guide plate. The key sheet has a one-piece formed body and a plurality of pressing portions. The plurality of pressing portions may be actuated to shift and conduct a sensor on the circuit board. Each pressing portion further has a light transmissive area. A light ray emitted by the light-emitting element passes through the light guide plate, and is reflected by the reflecting sheet to the light guide plate and the key sheet. Then, the light ray comes out of the key sheet through the light transmissive areas of the pressing portions.

Abstract: A light-emitting touch keyboard includes a reflecting sheet, a touch element, a plurality of scattering/reflecting points, and at least one light emitting element. The touch element includes at least one transparent material layer. A light ray emitted by the light emitting element penetrates the transparent material layer, and then is reflected outside the touch element by the reflecting sheet and the plurality of scattering/reflecting points.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an illuminant human interface device, and more particularly to a housing structure assembly. A housing structure assembly for carrying an input device includes a housing structure, a light source and an input device. The housing structure includes an input device carrying area and a light-transmissive layer. The light-transmissive layer has a light incident plane and a light exit plane, and the light exit plane is located in the input device carrying area. The light source is adjacent to the light incident plane, and the light source emits a light ray. The light ray enters the light-transmissive layer through the light incident plane and then exits the housing structure through the light exit plane. The input device is located on the light exit plane. The housing structure for carrying the input device provides a backlight for the input device after being combined with the light source, thus reducing the repair and replacement costs of the input device.