Abstract: A positive electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery has secondary micro particles having an average particle size (D50) of 1 to 10 ?m formed by agglomeration of primary macro particles having an average particle size (D50) of 0.5 to 3 ?m and a lithium-M oxide coating layer on all or part of a surface, wherein M is at least one selected from the group consisting of boron, cobalt, manganese and magnesium. The secondary macro particles have an average particle size (D50) of 5 to 20 ?m formed by agglomeration of primary micro particles having a smaller average particle size (D50) than the primary macro particles. The primary macro particles and the primary micro particles are represented by LiaNi1?b?c?dCobMncQdO2+?, wherein 1.0?a?1.5, 0<b<0.2, 0<c<0.2, 0?d?0.1, 0<b+c+d?0.2, ?0.1???1.0, and Q is at least one type of metal selected from the group consisting of Al, Mg, V, Ti and Zr.

Abstract: A positive electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery has a mixture of microparticles having a predetermined average particle size (D50) and macroparticles having a larger average particle size (D50) than the microparticles. The microparticles have the average particle size (D50) of 1 to 10 ?m and are at least one selected from the group consisting of particles having a carbon material coating layer on all or part of a surface of primary macroparticles having an average particle size (D50) of 1 ?m or more, particles having a carbon material coating layer on all or part of a surface of secondary particles formed by agglomeration of the primary macroparticles, and a mixture thereof. The macroparticles are secondary particles having an average particle size (D50) of 5 to 20 ?m formed by agglomeration of primary microparticles having a smaller average particle size (D50) than the primary macroparticles.

Abstract: The present invention relates to (+)-trans-isomers of (1-phosphonomethoxy-2-alkylcyclopropyl)methyl nucleoside derivatives of the formula (1) which are useful as an antiviral agent (particularly, against hepatitis B virus), pharmaceutically acceptable saltss, hydrates, or solvates thereof, and processes for the preparation of stereoisomers of the compounds of the formula (1), and a composition for the treatment of viral diseases (particularly, against hepatitis B virus) comprising (+)-trans-isomer of the compound of the formula (1), pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate, or solvate thereof as an active substance.