Abstract: An eco-friendly quarantine composition has a function of killing phospholipid enveloped viruses, The eco-friendly quarantine composition includes: 10 to 40 wt. % of polyoxyethylene lauryl ether, 0.01 to 10 wt. % of polyoxyethylene 2-ethylhexyl ether, 0.01 to 10 wt. % of polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene alkyl ether, and a balance of solvent, based on the total 100 wt. % of the composition. The eco-friendly quarantine composition may have 100% of SARS-CoV-2 virus removal rate in 1 minute and an effect of killing 100% of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in 1 to 10 minutes. The composition has low cytotoxicity such that IC50 value (%) for human epithelial keratinocyte cells (HaCaT), human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B), and human monocyte cells (THP-1) is in a range of 0.003 to 0.0045, and effects of having antibacterial activity against non-pathogenic strains, and pathogenic strains.

Abstract: Provided are a copolymer-titanium composite which is crosslinked without a crosslinking agent and an initiator and a copolymer-titanium composite composition including the composite. An organic-inorganic hybrid film produced by including the composition may have a significant refractive index without a large increase in a thickness change rate and may solve a problem of a decrease in optical properties by low dispersibility of a conventional organic-inorganic film by a chemically bonded oxygen-titanium network structure, and an organic film having an excellent refractive index may be provided only with the copolymer.

Abstract: A substrate processing apparatus including the controller are provided. The controller includes: a signal analyzer configured to detect at least one of an amplitude, phase, and frequency of a first signal, which is provided to a chamber; a radio frequency (RF) signal generator configured to generate an RF signal with a natural frequency based on a power of the first signal; a harmonic controller configured to generate a second signal based on the power of the first signal and at least one of the amplitude, phase, and frequency of the first signal, the second signal having a different amplitude, a different phase, and/or a different frequency from the RF signal; an operator configured to perform an operation on the RF signal and the second signal; and a filter configured to generate an RF control signal by filtering an output signal of the operator.

Abstract: Disclosed are a composition for forming a hole transport layer of a light-transmitting solar cell, a method for manufacturing the light-transmitting solar cell, and a light-transmitting solar cell manufactured thereby. The light-transmitting solar cell manufactured with the composition for forming the hole transport layer may have excellent durability and therefore, not only deposit a transparent electrode, which is an upper electrode, without damage even without buffer layer, thereby reducing the process cost but also deposit the transparent electrode without damage by using a general sputter equipment even without using an expensive special sputter equipment.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a polymer comprising terminal sulfonic acid groups, which has a high ionic conductivity and good structural stability, does not decompose even under low humidity conditions, and is inexpensive to produce. Furthermore, the present invention is related to a polymer electrolyte and a fuel cell using the same. The polymer of the present invention has a substituent comprising a terminal sulfonic acid group comprising Formula (1) at a side chain: where n may be a number in the range of about 1 to about 5.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a polyimide, which has high ionic conductivity and good structural stability, does not decompose even under low humidity, and is inexpensive, and a polymer electrolyte and a fuel cell using the same.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a polymer comprising terminal sulfonic acid groups, which has a high ionic conductivity and good structural stability, does not decompose even under low humidity conditions, and is inexpensive to produce. Furthermore, the present invention is related to a polymer electrolyte and a fuel cell using the same. The polymer of the present invention has a substituent comprising a terminal sulfonic acid group comprising Formula (1) at a side chain: where n may be a number in the range of about 1 to about 5.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a polymer comprising terminal sulfonic acid groups, which has a high ionic conductivity and good structural stability, does not decompose even under low humidity conditions, and is inexpensive to produce. Furthermore, the present invention is related to a polymer electrolyte and a fuel cell using the same. The polymer of the present invention has a substituent comprising a terminal sulfonic acid group comprising Formula (1) at a side chain: where n may be a number in the range of about 1 to about 5.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a polyimide, which has high ionic conductivity and good structural stability, does not decompose even under low humidity, and is inexpensive, and a polymer electrolyte and a fuel cell using the same.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a polymer comprising terminal sulfonic acid groups, which has a high ionic conductivity and good structural stability, does not decompose even under low humidity conditions, and is inexpensive to produce. Furthermore, the present invention is related to a polymer electrolyte and a fuel cell using the same. The polymer of the present invention has a substituent comprising a terminal sulfonic acid group comprising Formula (1) at a side chain: where n may be a number in the range of about 1 to about 5.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a polymer comprising terminal sulfonic acid groups, which has a high ionic conductivity and good structural stability, does not decompose even under low humidity conditions, and is inexpensive to produce. Furthermore, the present invention is related to a polymer electrolyte and a fuel cell using the same. The polymer of the present invention has a substituent comprising a terminal sulfonic acid group comprising Formula (1) at a side chain: where n may be a number in the range of about 1 to about 5.