Abstract: A memory system is provided to include a storage device including memory cells for storing data, and a controller in communication with an external device and configured to control the storage device based on a request from the external device. The controller is configured to receive a request from the external device to perform a refresh operation of re-writing stored data in the memory cells, read data from the memory cells included in the storage device, set a refresh period based on a number of fail bits included in the read data and a temperature of the controller or the storage device, and perform the refresh operation of the storage device based on the refresh period.

Abstract: A semiconductor apparatus includes a temperature detecting circuit and a temperature raising circuit. The temperature detecting circuit detects a temperature to generate temperature detection information. The temperature raising circuit generates heat through a toggling operation based on the temperature detection information.

Abstract: A nonvolatile memory device includes a peripheral circuit region and a memory cell region vertically connected with the peripheral circuit region, the peripheral circuit region including at least one first metal pad, and the memory cell region including at least one second metal pad directly connected with the at least one first metal pad. A method of programming the nonvolatile memory device incudes: receiving a programming command, data for a plurality of pages, and an address corresponding to a selected word-line; programming the data for one of the pages to an unselected word-line; reading data of a previously programmed page from the selected word-line; and programming the data for the remaining pages and the data of the previously programmed page to the selected word-line.

Abstract: Provided are foldable electronic device and method for estimating bio-information by using the same. The foldable electronic device may include: a main body part including a first main body and a second main body that are configured to be folded toward each other or unfolded from each other along a fold line where the first main body and the second main body meet; an image sensor part including a first image sensor and a second image sensor which are disposed at the first main body; and a processor configured to obtain a contact image of an object from the first image sensor disposed at the first main body and obtain an image of a marker that is displayed on the second main body, from the second image sensor disposed at the first main body, when the object is in contact with the first image sensor and the main body part is folded along the fold line, and estimate bio-information based on the contact image of the object and the image of the marker.

Abstract: Provided is a method and apparatus for eye tracking. An eye tracking method includes detecting an eye area corresponding to an eye of a user in a first frame of an image; determining an attribute of the eye area; selecting an eye tracker from a plurality of different eye trackers, the eye tracker corresponding to the determined attribute of the eye area; and tracking the eye of the user in a second frame of the image based on the selected eye tracker, the second frame being subsequent to the first frame.

Abstract: Electromagnetic-wave-absorbing particles for a GHz band are represented by the following [Empirical Formula 1] and include M-type hexaferrite as a major phase: Sr1-xRxFey-2zM2zOa,??[Empirical Formula 1] where R is one or more selected from Ba, Ca, and La, M is one or more selected from Zn, Ti, and Zr, 0<x?0.8, 8?y?14, 0<z?1.5, and a is 19.

Abstract: Provided is an electronic device including a display, a parallax optical element configured to provide light corresponding to an image output from the display to an eyebox of a user, a temperature sensor configured to measure a temperature around the parallax optical element, a memory configured to store a plurality of parameter calibration models for determining correction information in different temperature ranges for a parameter of the parallax optical element, and a processor configured to determine correction information corresponding to the measured temperature based on a parameter calibration model corresponding to the measured temperature among the plurality of parameter calibration models, and adjust the parameter of the parallax optical element based on the correction information.

Abstract: Provided is a polarizing film for a three-dimensional (3D) head-up display (HUD) and a 3D HUD device including the polarizing film, in which the polarizing film includes a polarizer layer, a first protective layer on a first surface of the polarizer layer, and a second protective layer on a second surface of the polarizer layer opposite to the first surface.

Abstract: An apparatus for estimating bio-information according to an embodiment includes: a sensor that measures a pulse wave signal from an object and contact pressure of the object; and a processor that obtains an oscillometric envelope based on an amplitude of the pulse wave signal and the contact pressure, and estimates bio-information based on a center of mass of a phase of contact pressure of the obtained oscillometric envelope.

Abstract: An electromagnetic wave absorbing particle has a composition, which is represented by Formula 1 of Sr1-xRxFey-2zM2zOa and contains M-type hexaferrite as a main phase. In Formula 1, R is one or more substances selected from among Ba, Ca, and La, M is one or more substances selected from among Co, Ti, and Zr, 0<x?0.8, 8?y?14, 0<z?1.5, and a is equal to 19.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to technology for estimating bio-information by using a foldable electronic device. The foldable electronic device includes a main body part, having a first main body and a second main body, configured to fold along a folding line; a first sensor provided on the first main body, and configured to obtain a contact image of an object of a user; a second sensor provided on the first main body, and configured to measure a degree of folding of the main body part; and a processor configured to estimate bio-information of the user, based on the contact image of the object and the degree of folding.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus includes: a memory storing one or more instructions; and a processor configured to execute the one or more instructions to: obtain similarity information, based on a pixel difference between each pixel included in a first image and an adjacent pixel of each pixel included in the first image; determine weight information based on the similarity information; obtain first feature information by performing a convolution operation between the first image and a first kernel; obtain second feature information by applying the weight information to the first feature information; and generate a second image based on the second feature information.

Abstract: Provided are an apparatus and method for measuring bio-information. The apparatus for measuring bio-information includes: a pulse wave sensor configured to emit light of multiple wavelengths onto an object, and detect the light to obtain multi-wavelength pulse wave signals when the light is reflected or scattered from the object; and a processor configured to: obtain a conversion signal that indicates a contact pressure between the object and the pulse wave sensor, based on the multi-wavelength pulse wave signals, obtain an oscillometric envelope based on the multi-wavelength pulse wave signals and the conversion signal, and obtain bio-information based on the oscillometric envelope.

Abstract: A multilayer ceramic electronic component includes: a ceramic body including dielectric layers and first and second internal electrodes alternately stacked with respective dielectric layers interposed therebetween; and a first external electrode connected to the first internal electrodes and a second external electrode connected to the second internal electrodes, wherein the dielectric layer includes silicon (Si), each of the first and second internal electrodes includes Si and a conductive metal, and a ratio (B/A) of an average content (B) (wt %) of Si included in each of the first and second internal electrodes to an average content (A) (wt %) of Si included in the dielectric layer is 0.99 or more and 1.41 or less.

Abstract: A display device includes a touch panel (TP), a transparent adhesive member (TAM) on a surface of the TP, a touch printed circuit board (TPCB), and a display panel (DP) on a surface of the TAM. The TP includes a sensing portion and a pad side portion (PSP) on a side of the sensing portion. The TPCB includes a contact portion (CP) attached to a surface of the PSP. The DP includes a substrate, an optical film (OF) on a surface of the substrate, and a bending protection layer (BPL) on a side of the OF on the surface of the substrate. The surface of the PSP includes a connection area attached to the CP and a non-connection area not attached to the CP. The OF is spaced from the BPL with a gap disposed therebetween. The TAM overlaps, in a thickness direction, with the TPCB and the gap.

Abstract: An apparatus for estimating blood pressure includes: a sensor, and a processor configured to estimate blood pressure based on a PPG signal and a contact pressure signal measured by the sensor. The sensor includes: a transparent elastic body; a first polarizing film provided on a surface of the transparent elastic body and configured to come into contact with the object; a light source provided under the transparent elastic body and configured to emit light toward the object; a first detector and a second detector provided under the transparent elastic body and configured to detect light, passing through the first polarizing film after being emitted by the light source and scattered or reflected from the object, to measure the PPG signal; and a second detector provided under the transparent elastic body and configured to detect light, not passing through the first polarizing film, to measure the contact pressure signal.

Abstract: A wearable device includes a main body, a force sensor disposed on one surface of the main body and configured to measure a force, and a processor configured to control the force sensor to measure a first force when the one surface of the main body faces upwards, control the force sensor to measure a second force sensor when the one surface of the main body faces downward, and calibrate the force sensor based on at least one of the measured first force and the measured second force.

Abstract: An apparatus for estimating bio-information includes: a sensor part configured to obtain contact pressure of a contact surface contacted by an object, and configured to obtain a contact image of the object that contacts the contact surface; and a processor configured to obtain a pulse wave signal of a region of interest based on the contact image, and configured to estimate bio-information based on the obtained pulse wave signal and the contact pressure.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described including a page buffer to reduce a threshold voltage distribution skew of memory cells and improve programming performance. The page buffer includes a first circuit element connected to a first terminal for supplying a first bitline voltage, a second circuit element connected to a second terminal for supplying a second bitline voltage, and a latch configured to control the first and second circuit elements.