Abstract: A method for providing a voice call using text data and an electronic device thereof are provided. The method includes converting the detected text data into audio data when an input of the text data is detected during call connection, and converting the converted audio data into a digital signal to transmit the converted digital signal to another party.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a substrate including a first region and a second region, a trench-gate transistor in the first region, the trench-gate transistor including a first trench in the substrate, a gate filling at least part of the first trench, and a source in the substrate and on each sidewall of the first trench, a first field diffusion junction in the second region, an interlayer insulating film on the substrate, the interlayer insulating film covering the trench-gate transistor and the first field diffusion junction, a first contact in the first region, the first contact passing through the interlayer insulating film and contacting the source, and a second contact in the second region, the second contact passing through the interlayer insulating film and contacting the first field diffusion junction, the first contact and the second contact having an equal height and including a same material.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a trench in a substrate, a gate filling a part of the trench, a tilted source on a side wall of the trench, the tilted source partially overlapping the gate, an interlayer insulating film on the substrate and filling the trench, and a contact hole penetrating parts of the interlayer insulating film and the substrate and contacting the tilted source, the contact hole having a tilted surface at an angle that is equal to or larger than 80 degrees and smaller than 90 degrees.

Abstract: Disclosed are a light emitting device and a light emitting device package. The light emitting device includes a first conductive semiconductor layer, an active layer on the first conductive semiconductor layer, and a second conductive semiconductor layer on the active layer. The active layer includes (T+1) barrier layers, T well layers between the (T+1) barrier layers, and a first dummy layer between N well layers adjacent to the second conductive semiconductor layer and N barrier layers adjacent to the N well layers, in which T>N?1.

Abstract: Disclosed is a light emitting device including a substrate, a buffer layer on the substrate, and a light-emitting structure on the buffer layer. The buffer layer has a refractive index decreased toward the substrate from the light-emitting structure.

Abstract: Provided herein are Salmonella enteritidis 13A strains and compositions comprising these strains. Also provided are methods of enhancing an immune response against Influenza A and methods of reducing morbidity associated with an Influenza A infection. Methods of enhancing an immune response to a vaccine vector by expressing a polypeptide of CD 154 capable of binding CD40 are also disclosed. Methods of developing a bacterial vaccine vector are disclosed. Methods of generating scarless site-specific mutations in a bacterium are also disclosed.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for recognizing characters of an image captured using a camera in a mobile terminal are provided, wherein an image of a signboard is captured, a text area is extracted from the captured image of the signboard, characters are recognized from the extracted text area, similar characters up to a predetermined priority level are generated for each recognized character of the extracted text area, location information of an area within a predetermined range from a current position of a user is acquired, store names are extracted from the location information, text is generated by combining the similar characters according to weights, the text are compared with the extracted store names, and a comparison result is output.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a heater block and a substrate treatment apparatus, and more particularly to a heater block to perform heat treatment on a substrate and a substrate treatment apparatus having the same. According to embodiments of the present invention, it is provided a heater block for a substrate treatment apparatus having heating lamps on its one side to transfer heat to a target subjected to heat treatment, the heating lamps having different arrangement patterns in a plurality of regions on said one side.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes a liquid crystal panel that displays an image signal, a backlight unit supplying light to the liquid crystal panel, and a backlight control circuit to scan the backlight unit. The backlight control circuit supplies a pulse width modulation signal to rows of the backlight unit, which are adjacent to rows being scanned, such that the rows adjacent to the rows being scanned have a brightness lower than a brightness of the rows being scanned.

Abstract: A transistor includes a device portion and a collector layer. The device portion is in a first side of a semiconductor substrate, and includes a gate and an emitter. The collector layer is on a second side of the semiconductor substrate, which is opposite to the first side. The collector layer is an impurity-doped epitaxial layer and has a doping profile with a non-normal distribution.

Abstract: An energy storage apparatus has developed for railway vehicles by adopting a bidirectional DC-DC converter to increase the efficiency of charge/discharge, comprising that; a power receiving unit, filter unit, charging unit storage unit having a plurality of super-capacitors, capacitor monitoring unit, a plurality of bidirectional DC-DC converters arranged in parallel, and voltage detector electrically connected to the filter unit, current detector for detecting the currents flowing. The controller further comprises; an analog interface board, signal identifying board, signal control board, digital output contact unit, communicating board, PWM control board, optical output board, external gate driver. The PWM control board includes; a sensor input circuit, A/D converter, calculation unit, calculation control processor, and power monitoring unit.

Abstract: A system and method for delivering a gift using social networking information is disclosed.

Abstract: A power quality monitoring apparatus is developed for a railway power system. The apparatus is calculating the energy flow and the power consumption and recording the by using the voltage and current sensors at AC and DC power source in the various industrial fields. The voltage and current phases are detected for the AC power. The direction of current is detected to calculate the power consumption for the DC power. Then, the detected data is analyzed. It is possible to monitor the variation of the voltages and current values of the railway vehicle in real time. It is possible to display the variations of the vehicle loads, the AC power output, the voltage and current value fluctuations, the power consumption and power flows in a form of the graphic or text format. Thereby, it is possible to easily understand the overall status of the overhead line's environment.

Abstract: An apparatus for providing grayscale voltages and a display device using the same are provided. The display device includes a grayscale voltage provider that provides grayscale voltages using a first reference voltage and a second reference voltage in accordance with a selection signal. A data driver applies data voltages to data lines using the grayscale voltages and an image signal. A gate driver successively provides a gate-on voltage to the gate lines. A display panel displays an image for each frame using the data voltages and the gate-on voltage.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a polyolefin composition for an interior sheet/film. The polyolefin composition of the present invention for an interior sheet comprises 70 to 99 wt % of polyolefin and 1 to 30 wt % of modified polyethylene terephthalate having a melting point of 130 to 180° C. The polyolefin composition of the present invention is environmentally friendly and has good physical properties such as workability, printing characteristics, and adhesiveness. In addition, sheets having various thicknesses can be produced by extrusion without having to stretch the sheets, and thus the sheets can be used separately or in combination in various application fields.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the method includes obtaining, at the external device, an encrypted main key and an encrypted first decryption key from the memory device. The encrypted first decryption key is an encrypted version of a first decryption key. The encrypted main key is an encrypted version of the main key. The external device is unable to read the main key from the memory device. The method further includes decrypting, at the external device, the encrypted first decryption key using a second decryption key to obtain the first decryption key; and decrypting, at the external device, the encrypted main key of the memory device using the first decryption key to obtain the main key.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the memory device includes a first memory area and a second memory area. The first memory area stores secure data. The first memory area is inaccessible by an external device. The second memory area is configured to store encrypted secure data. The second memory area is accessible by the external device, and the encrypted secure data is an encrypted version of the secure data in the first memory area.

Abstract: An automatic tuning method is developed for an energy storage system of the railway vehicle. The method comprises; an optimal tracking for voltage fluctuation in the overhead line voltage varying with hourly-basis, the voltage variation of the substation and railway vehicle operating pattern. The railway vehicle is automatically performed the tuning to maximize the energy storing efficiency. The railway vehicle can achieve the optimum operation for saving energy effectively by bidirectional DC/DC converter using regenerative energy of DC. The railway vehicle stably operates under the overhead line voltage fluctuation. The energy efficiency is maximized by charging/discharging energy while the power is tracking unstable, which is generated by utilizing natural energies such as wind or solar energy, in real time by applying an automatic tuning algorithm to an energy storage system which is applied to a smart grid or a micro grid that uses renewable energy as a primary energy source.