Abstract: A head-up display with variable focal length includes a projector which provides a beam with image, a magnifier lens module which is disposed on the route of the beam, and an array of lens which is movably disposed between the projector and the magnifier lens module. The beam forms an inter-image after passing the array of lens, then forms a virtual image after passing the magnifier lens module. To change the position of the virtual image, adjust the relative position between the array of lens and the magnifier lens module. A dispersion angle of the array of lens is ?d, a magnification of the magnifier lens module is M, a distance between the virtual image and user's eyes is VID, a visible range of user's eyes is Et, and satisfies the relationship as following: ?d=M*2*cot?1 (2VID/Et).

Abstract: A head-up display with variable focal length includes a projector which provides a beam with image, a magnifier lens module which is disposed on the route of the beam, and an array of lens which is movably disposed between the projector and the magnifier lens module. The beam forms an inter-image after passing the array of lens, then forms a virtual image after passing the magnifier lens module. To change the position of the virtual image, adjust the relative position between the array of lens and the magnifier lens module. A dispersion angle of the array of lens is ?d, a magnification of the magnifier lens module is M, a distance between the virtual image and user's eyes is VID, a visible range of user's eyes is Et, and satisfies the relationship as following: ?d=M*2*cot?1 (2VID/Et).

Abstract: A method to view sharpness of background or foreground object in a viewfinder of an autofocusing camera without having to change the aperture. The method involves first selecting an appropriate relationship between a simulated depth and a plurality of input parameters including aperture value, focal length, and measured depth. A circle of confusion is calculated using the measured distances of a main object and a foreground or background object, and the aperture value at which the picture is to be taken. The circle of confusion is then used to calculate the simulated background or foreground depth using the maximum aperture value, or any aperture value at which the objects will be viewed. Finally, the simulated depth is used to adjust the focal length and display a simulated background or foreground image through the viewfinder. If the sharpness of the simulated image is not satisfactory, a new aperture value can be selected and the simulation process repeated.

Abstract: An automated apparatus for transporting, lining-up and stowing cylindrical fragile bodies. It promotes efficiency of the stowing operation and ensures sanitation during stowing. Furthermore it disposes cylindrical fragile bodies within receptacles in a compact manner.