Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing a copolymer, the method for producing a copolymer including: step (S10) for adding aromatic vinyl-based monomers substituted with alkyl groups and vinyl cyan-based monomers to perform polymerization in the presence of a polymerization initiator, wherein the vinyl cyan-based monomers are collectively added before initiation of the polymerization in step (S10), monomer droplets are continuously divisionally added during the polymerization in step (S10), and the monomer droplets contain part or all of the aromatic vinyl-based monomers substituted with alkyl groups, and relates to a copolymer produced therefrom, and a thermoplastic resin composition including the same.

Abstract: A semiconductor device is provided.

Abstract: A security key is configured to be replaced when a device is replaced in a machine-to-machine (M2M) system. A method for operating a first device may include: receiving a first message including first information associated with security key replacement from a second device or a third device; receiving a third message including second information associated with security key replacement, which is generated based on a second message including a security key replacement indication, from the second device or the third device; and replacing the security key.

Abstract: An embodiment ramp apparatus for a vehicle includes a housing mounted on a vehicle body, a first ramp platform telescopically movable with respect to the housing, a second ramp platform telescopically movable with respect to the first ramp platform, a third ramp platform configured movable with respect to the second ramp platform, a hinge mechanism configured to move the first ramp platform between a stowed position and a deployed position and to allow the first ramp platform to pivot with respect to the housing in a state in which the first ramp platform is in the deployed position, and a drive mechanism configured to move the second ramp platform and the third ramp platform.

Abstract: An embodiment ramp apparatus for a vehicle includes a housing mounted on a vehicle body, a ramp assembly movable between a stowed position in which the ramp assembly is stowed in a cavity of the housing and a deployed position in which the ramp assembly is deployed or extended from the cavity of the housing, the ramp assembly including one or more ramp platforms telescopically connected to each other, a hinge mechanism including a moving body movably mounted in the housing and a hinge shaft pivotally connecting the ramp assembly to the moving body, and a guide mechanism configured to guide pivoting of the ramp assembly.

Abstract: An embodiment ramp apparatus for a vehicle includes a housing mounted on a vehicle body, a ramp assembly movable between a stowed position in which the ramp assembly is stowed in a cavity of the housing and a deployed position in which the ramp assembly is deployed or extended from the cavity of the housing, the ramp assembly including one or more ramp platforms telescopically connected to each other, and a front cover bridging between a leading end portion of the housing and a trailing end portion of the ramp assembly in a state in which the ramp assembly is in the deployed position.

Abstract: In an embodiment a ramp apparatus for a vehicle includes a housing mounted on a vehicle body, a first ramp platform telescopically moving with respect to the housing, a second ramp platform telescopically moving with respect to the first ramp platform and an upper sub-platform pivotally mounted between the first ramp platform and the second ramp platform.

Abstract: An organic light emitting device including: a substrate; a first electrode; a second electrode; and an organic layer interposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and including an emission layer, wherein one of the first electrode and the second electrode is a reflective electrode and the other is a semitransparent or transparent electrode, and wherein the organic layer includes a layer having at least one of the compounds having at least one carbazole group, and a flat panel display device including the organic light emitting device. The organic light emitting device has low driving voltage, excellent current density, high brightness, excellent color purity, high efficiency, and long lifetime.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for extending the height of an image to display a video signal having a 4:3 aspect ratio on a screen having a 16:9 aspect ratio.