Abstract: An image decoding method includes: splitting a first block included in an image on the basis of at least one of a split type and a split direction of the first block to determine at least one second block from the first block; determining one of a prediction mode of the at least one second block and whether to split the at least one second block on the basis of at least one of a size and a shape of the determined at least one second block; obtaining a prediction block of a block included in the at least one second block on the basis of one of the determined prediction mode and whether to split the at least one second block; and restoring the block included in the at least one second block on the basis of the prediction block of the block included in the at least one second block. Here, the split type represents one of binary-split, tri-split, and quad-split.

Abstract: An image decoding method includes: splitting a first block included in an image on the basis of at least one of a split type and a split direction of the first block to determine at least one second block from the first block; determining one of a prediction mode of the at least one second block and whether to split the at least one second block on the basis of at least one of a size and a shape of the determined at least one second block; obtaining a prediction block of a block included in the at least one second block on the basis of one of the determined prediction mode and whether to split the at least one second block; and restoring the block included in the at least one second block on the basis of the prediction block of the block included in the at least one second block. Here, the split type represents one of binary-split, tri-split, and quad-split.

Abstract: Provided is a method for reconstructing content image data. The method includes selecting a first point and a second point in a first image of first content, selecting a third point and a fourth point in a second image of second content (the second image is an image corresponding to the first image and the third point and the fourth point are points in an image corresponding to the first point and the second point, respectively), generating a first reference vector using the first point and the second point, generating a second reference vector using the third point and the fourth point, calculating a rotation, scale, and transformation (RST) value from the first image to the second image using the first reference vector and the second reference vector; and reconstructing the second content using the calculated RST value.

Abstract: A composition for solar cell electrodes, a solar cell electrode, and a method of manufacturing a solar cell, the composition including a conductive powder; a glass frit; and an organic vehicle, wherein the conductive powder includes a first silver powder having a cross-sectional particle porosity of about 0.1% to about 6%.

Abstract: A method of decoding motion information includes determining a coding factor value of a differential motion vector of a current block, when adaptive encoding has been applied to the differential motion vector, determining a first result value generated by applying the adaptive encoding to the differential motion vector, based on information included in the bitstream, obtaining the differential motion vector by applying the determined coding factor value to the first result value according to a certain operation, and obtaining a motion vector of the current block, based on the obtained differential motion vector and a prediction motion vector of the current block.

Abstract: An image decoding method includes: splitting a first block included in an image on the basis of at least one of a split type and a split direction of the first block to determine at least one second block from the first block; determining one of a prediction mode of the at least one second block and whether to split the at least one second block on the basis of at least one of a size and a shape of the determined at least one second block; obtaining a prediction block of a block included in the at least one second block on the basis of one of the determined prediction mode and whether to split the at least one second block; and restoring the block included in the at least one second block on the basis of the prediction block of the block included in the at least one second block. Here, the split type represents one of binary-split, tri-split, and quad-split.

Abstract: Provided is an artificial neural network learning apparatus for deep learning. The apparatus includes an input unit configured to acquire an input data or a training data, a memory configured to store the input data, the training data, and a deep learning artificial neural network model, and a processor configured to perform computation based on the artificial neural network model, in which the processor sets the initial weight depending on the number of nodes belonging to a first layer and the number of nodes belonging to a second layer of the artificial neural network model, and determines the initial weight by compensation by multiplying a standard deviation (?) by a square root of a reciprocal of a probability of a normal probability distribution for a remaining section except for a section in which an output value of the activation function converges to a specific value.

Abstract: Provided are a method and apparatus for performing transformation and inverse transformation on a chroma block by using a variable transform kernel, during video encoding and decoding processes. A video decoding method includes: obtaining, from a bitstream, chroma multi-transform kernel information indicating whether a chroma transform kernel for inverse transformation of a chroma block is determined to be among a plurality of chroma transform kernels; while determining whether the chroma transform kernel is determined to be among the plurality of chroma transform kernels according to the chroma multi-transform kernel information, determining whether to determine the chroma transform kernel by using a luma transform kernel; and performing inverse transformation on the chroma block by using the chroma transform kernel.

Abstract: Provided are an image decoding method and an image decoding device for performing the image decoding method. The method of decoding an image includes determining at least one coding unit for splitting a current frame that is one of at least one frame included in the image, determining at least one prediction unit and at least one transformation unit included in a current coding unit that is one of the at least one coding unit, obtaining residual sample values by inversely transforming a signal obtained from a bitstream, obtaining a modified residual sample value by performing a rotation operation on the residual sample values included in a current transformation unit that is one of the at least one transformation unit, and generating a reconstructed signal included in the current coding unit by using a predicted sample value included in the at least one prediction unit and the modified residual sample value.

Abstract: Provided are an encoding method and apparatus, and a decoding method and apparatus for adaptively selecting a context model used to entropy-encode and entropy-decode a syntax element, based on various shapes of coding units. The image decoding method includes: determining a context model based on block shape information including at least one of a shape, direction, width, ratio of width and height, or size of a coding unit; obtaining, from a bitstream based on the context model, information about a split shape mode for splitting the coding unit; and determining a split shape mode of the coding unit, based on the information about the split shape mode.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates generally to a double-sided adhesive tape having improved impact strength for a display device. More particularly, the double-sided adhesive tape includes a base layer, a foam adhesive layer formed on one surface of the base layer and made of acrylic foam, and an adhesive layer formed on the other surface of the base layer. The double-sided adhesive tape having improved impact strength for the display device having the above structure in which the foam adhesive layer having excellent impact strength is formed, thereby suppressing occurrence of cracking on a glass surface of the display device due to external impacts and exhibiting an excellent waterproofing effect.

Abstract: Provided are image decoding/encoding methods and apparatuses for increasing coding efficiency and reducing complexity while using a flexible tree split. The image decoding method includes: obtaining, from a bitstream, a bin string corresponding to a split shape mode of a coding unit; determining a split rule of the coding unit; and splitting the coding unit into a plurality of coding units, based on at least one of the split rule and the bin string corresponding to the split shape mode, wherein the determining of the split rule includes: determining an allowable first range of a size of the coding unit according to a ratio of a width and a height of the coding unit; and determining an allowable second range of the size of the coding unit according to the split shape mode of the coding unit.

Abstract: Provided are an image decoding method and an image decoding apparatus for performing the image decoding method, the image decoding method including: determining whether or not to obtain second transform set information; determining the second transform set information based on the determining of whether or not to obtain the second transform set information; selecting any one second transform set applied to a second transform block from among a plurality of second transform set candidates corresponding to a plurality of prediction modes, by using the determined second transform set information; generating a first transform block by inverse-transforming the second transform block based on a plurality of transform matrices included in the selected second transform set; and generating a residual block corresponding to the first transform block by inverse-transforming the first transform block based on a first transform matrix.

Abstract: A pulse width compensation circuit may include a voltage control circuit and a pulse width adjustment circuit. The voltage control circuit may sense a voltage level of a first power supply voltage and generate a voltage control signal. The pulse width adjustment circuit may generate an output signal by changing a pulse width of an input signal based on the voltage control signal.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for watermarking digital content and a data extraction method are disclosed. The digital content watermarking method includes: generating private and public keys corresponding to the user terminal; generating watermark data containing user identity information corresponding to the user terminal and user details associated with the watermark data; generating encrypted data by encrypting the watermark data and the user details with the private key; transmitting the watermark data, the encrypted data, and the public key to a server; receiving digital content when authorized by the server; and watermarking the digital content with the watermark data.

Abstract: An image decoding method includes determining allowable split shape modes from among a plurality of split shape modes, based on at least one of a size and a shape of a current block and an allowable size of a block, obtaining information about a split shape mode of the current block from a bitstream, generating a bin string for the split shape mode of the current block including at least one bin by binary arithmetic decoding the information about the split shape mode of the current block, obtaining the split shape mode of the current block by performing inverse-binarization on the bin string for the split shape mode of the current block, based on the allowable split shape modes, and determining whether the current block is to be split, based on the obtained split shape mode of the current block.

Abstract: Provided are a pressure-sensitive adhesive composition, a pressure-sensitive adhesive film, and a method of manufacturing an organic electronic device using the same. The pressure-sensitive adhesive composition that may effectively prevent moisture or oxygen added to an organic electronic device from an external environment, and exhibit reliability under harsh conditions such as high temperature and high humidity and excellent optical characteristics, and a pressure-sensitive adhesive film including the same are provided.

Abstract: A method of inserting additional data into a moving image stream, according to some embodiments of the present invention, includes receiving a first coded bitstream, electing a first picture PA into which additional data is to be inserted from the first coded bitstream, generating a first picture PA? by inserting the additional data into the selected first picture PA, selecting a second picture PB directly referring to the first picture PA, generating a second picture PB? by transforming and coding the selected second picture PB in a manner that decoding the second picture PB? obtains the second picture PB with reference to the first picture PA? and generating a data sequence based on the first picture PA? and the second picture PB.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for executing an activation function for a deep learning algorithm. The method includes: determining whether an input value to a first node of an artificial neural network related to the deep learning algorithm is positive or negative; executing a first activation function in response to the input value being positive, or executing a second activation function in response to the input value being negative; and providing a value resulted from the execution of the first activation function or the second activation value to a second node of the artificial neural network, wherein the first activation function is a Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) function, wherein the second activation function is a linear function having a first gradient in a first section of a negative number region and a second gradient in a second section of the negative number region.

Abstract: A semiconductor package includes a package substrate and a semiconductor chip mounted on the package substrate. The package substrate includes a signal bump land and an anchoring bump land, and the semiconductor chip includes a signal bump and an anchoring bump. The signal bump is bonded to the signal bump land, the anchoring bump is disposed to be adjacent to the anchoring bump land, and a bottom surface of the anchoring bump is located at a level which is lower than a top surface of the anchoring bump land with respect to a surface of the package substrate.