Abstract: The present invention provides a gene delivery system containing nanoparticles. In more detail, the present invention provides a gene delivery system containing (a) a nanomaterial; (b) an oligonucleotide as an universal binding partner covalently linked to the surface of the nanomaterial; and (c) a cargo comprising (i) a complementary oligonucleotide containing a nucleotide sequence complementary to the universal binding partner as a binding counter-partner, and (ii) an inhibitory molecule having a nucleotide sequence complementary to a target gene of interest to be inhibited or an inducible molecule having a nucleotide sequence of a target gene of interest to be expressed. The present invention is a gene delivery system capable of feasibly deliver aptamer, siRNA, shRNA, miRNA, ribozyme, DNAzyme, PNA or gene as well as antisense oligonucleotide into the cells.

Abstract: Disclosed are a developing unit and an image forming apparatus having the same. The developing unit includes a partition frame provided separately from the housing of the developing unit. The partition frame is supported within the housing of the developing unit in such a manner to define a path of movement of developer within the housing through an opening formed in the partition frame. A removable sealing member is detachably arranged on the partition frame to prevent developer leakage during storage or transporting of the developing unit. The installation of the removable sealing member is made easier by the partition frame provided separately from the housing.

Abstract: A method for preventing or treating a bone disease, includes administering to a patient having the bone disease a pharmaceutical composition comprising glyceollin as an active ingredient. The active ingredient, glyceollin promotes degradation of the Runx2 protein in osteoblasts and inhibits the mRNA expression of Rankl in osteoblasts to prevent the differentiation of osteoclasts. Furthermore, glyceollin is capable of ameliorating osteoporosis in animal models for osteoporosis. The composition promises drug or food for prevention or treatment of not only osteoporosis but also bone diseases caused by cancer metastatic to the bone.

Abstract: Provided herein is a method of detecting the presence of a specific nucleophile, which uses a material Y degraded by nucleophilic substitution of reacting with a specific nucleophile X, and a material Z selectively binding to a material Y? produced by the degradation. According to the method, the nucleophile X can be easily analyzed according to the bonding between the materials Y? and Z.

Abstract: The present invention provides a gene delivery system containing nanoparticles. In more detail, the present invention provides a gene delivery system containing (a) a nanomaterial; (b) an oligonucleotide as an universal binding partner covalently linked to the surface of the nanomaterial; and (c) a cargo comprising (i) a complementary oligonucleotide containing a nucleotide sequence complementary to the universal binding partner as a binding counter-partner, and (ii) an inhibitory molecule having a nucleotide sequence complementary to a target gene of interest to be inhibited or an inducible molecule having a nucleotide sequence of a target gene of interest to be expressed. The present invention is a gene delivery system capable of feasibly deliver aptamer, siRNA, shRNA, miRNA, ribozyme, DNAzyme, PNA or gene as well as antisense oligonucleotide into the cells.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods of screening sequence selectivity of oligonucleotide-binding molecules using a gold nanoparticle based colorimetric assay.

Abstract: Disclosed are a developing unit and an image forming apparatus having the same. The developing unit includes a partition frame provided separately from the housing of the developing unit. The partition frame is supported within the housing of the developing unit in such a manner to define a path of movement of developer within the housing through an opening formed in the partition frame. A removable sealing member is detachably arranged on the partition frame to prevent developer leakage during storage or transporting of the developing unit. The installation of the removable sealing member is made easier by the partition frame provided separately from the housing.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods of detecting metal ions in a sample using functionalized nanoparticles. More specifically, functionalized nanoparticles are used to selectively detect metal ions in a sample using changes in melting temperature of hybridized oligonucleotides on functionalized nanoparticles. The melting temperature can be detected using absorbance, color change, or both. In some cases, the concentration of the metal ion in the sample can be determined. Concentrations of metal ion of as little as 20 ppb (about 100 nM) can be detected using the disclosed methods.

Abstract: The invention provides methods to detect cysteine which employ oligonucleotide functionalized nanoparticles.

Abstract: Methods are provided to identify and characterize compounds that bind with duplex and triplex polynucleotides.

Abstract: The invention provides methods for screening a compound for its effect on endonuclease activity. The methods comprise providing a compound to be screened utilizing a gold nanoparticle aggregate as the substrate for the endonuclease. The gold nanoparticle aggregate is formed by the hybridization of oligonucleotides attached to the nanoparticles, with or without the presence of a third linker oligonucleotide. The hybridized oligonucleotide duplex serves as a substrate for the endonuclease. A detectable change is brought about in the presence of the endonuclease activity. A decrease in the detectable change reflects the reduced levels of endonuclease activities as a result of the effects of endonuclease inhibitors. The present invention also provides kits for screening an endonuclease inhibitor.

Abstract: A method for producing a koji of a hot pepper paste with reduced capsaicin and/or dihydrocapsaicin content through action of enzymes secreted from a koji fungus includes adding a koji fungus to starting material for preparation of koji of hot pepper paste, and adding a predetermined amount of hot peppers one or more times to the material during the cultivating step performed by enzymes secreted from the koji fungus. The method can reduce the hotness of a hot pepper paste, while maintaining the intrinsic colors of traditional hot pepper pastes. Accordingly, it is possible to prepare various hot pepper paste products satisfying customer's diverse needs.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods of screening sequence selectivity of oligonucleotide-binding molecules using a gold nanoparticle based calorimetric assay.

Abstract: A developing cartridge usable with an image forming apparatus includes a developing cartridge housing, and a handle disposed on one side of an upper surface of the developing cartridge housing, and having a gripping portion formed thereon to make an acute angle with the upper surface of the developing cartridge housing. The gripping portion is fixed to the developing cartridge housing by a pair of support portions, or is hinged with the developing cartridge housing.

Abstract: An optical gas identification system including a measuring cell (20), a modulated light source (10), a microphone (22), and a signal amplifier (30). The light source (10) comprises a plurality of laser diodes (12) and can selectively illuminate the modulated light with specific wavelengths. The gas identification system can determine the object signal by use of the signal processor (70) and the database (60) with the various signal patterns.

Abstract: An optical gas identification system including a measuring cell (20), a modulated light source (10), a microphone (22), and a signal amplifier (30). The light source (10) comprises a plurality of laser diodes (12) and can selectively illuminate the modulated light with specific wavelengths. The gas identification system can determine the object signal by use of the signal processor (70) and the database (60) with the various signal patterns.