Abstract: Provided are an electrode assembly, a battery, and a battery pack and vehicle including the same. An electrode assembly, in which a first electrode, a second electrode, and a separator interposed therebetween are wound about an axis to define a core and an outer circumferential surface. At least one of the first electrode and the second electrode includes, at a long side end portion, an uncoated portion exposed beyond the separator in a direction of the axis. At least a part of the uncoated portion is bent in a radial direction of the electrode assembly to define a bent surface region having overlapping layers of the uncoated portion. The bent surface region includes a welding target region having a number of the overlapping layers of the uncoated portion, and the welding target region extends along a radial direction of the electrode assembly.

Abstract: Methods and systems for executing tracking and monitoring manufacturing data of a battery are disclosed. One method includes: receiving, by a server system, sensing data of the battery from a sensing system; generating, by the server system, mapping data based on the sensing data; generating, by the server system, identification data of the battery based on the sensing data; generating, by the server system, monitoring data of the battery based on the sensing data, the identification data, and the mapping data; and generating, by the server system, display data for displaying a simulated electrode of the battery on a graphical user interface based on the monitoring data of the battery.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a positive electrode active material, and a lithium secondary battery using a positive electrode including the same. More particularly, the present invention relates to a positive electrode active material that has increased efficiency in the diffusion of lithium ions and/or charges and increased structural stability by locally forming regions with different concentrations of an arbitrary transition metal in a primary particle, and a lithium secondary battery using a positive electrode including the same.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a positive electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery which can simultaneously improve electrochemical properties and stability, which are in a mutual trade-off relationship, by introducing a step structure to a surface part of a lithium composite oxide constituting the positive electrode active material, and a lithium secondary battery including the same.