Abstract: Disclosed is a bolting torque determination method which includes a preparation process of preparing samples of an object and samples of a bolt, a sample fracture torque acquisition process of measuring and acquiring a sample fracture torque, an effective fastening torque zone determination process of determining an effective fastening torque zone, in which fastening is performed without fracture, a bolt fastening angle measurement process of performing test fastening on the samples according to each of the plurality of selected experimental torques and measuring bolt fastening angles, and a bolting torque determination process of determining a bolting torque, whereby a rotation angle of each of the sample bolts is measured from a predetermined reference point of time to a point of time when the test fastening is finished.

Abstract: A storage device manages memory use data, such as map data which the storage device manages using a host memory, as journal data in a buffer memory located inside the storage device in a low power mode. The memory use data may be managed by updating journal data during the low power mode, and a command of a host device may be processed by updated journal data after switching from a low power mode to an active mode.

Abstract: A printed circuit board includes an inner layer; a first insulating layer formed on an upper part of the inner layer; a first copper foil layer formed on an upper part of the first insulating layer; and a solder resist layer formed on an upper part of the first copper foil layer. When welding a metal tab onto the solder resist layer, a welding portion that couples the metal tab and the first copper foil layer is formed, and a gap is formed at a portion adjacent to the welding portion.

Abstract: A cylindrical secondary battery module includes a plurality of cylindrical secondary battery cells having an electrode assembly and an electrolyte accommodated therein; a cell frame in which the plurality of cylindrical secondary battery cells are disposed; and a bus bar coupled to each of a plurality of cylindrical secondary battery cells and having a plurality of welding portions thereon. Among the plurality of welding portions, the welding portions spaced apart at larger intervals are welded to each other.

Abstract: A cylindrical battery cell may include a cap assembly loaded on an upper end of a battery case having an electrode assembly received therein; and a crimping portion formed at an end of an upper part of the battery case, the crimping portion bent in a direction toward a center thereof while wrapping an outer periphery of the cap assembly. The crimping portion may be a negative electrode terminal. A top cap, which is a central part of the cap assembly, may be a positive electrode terminal. The cylindrical battery cell may further include a spiral weld portion formed on at least one of the negative electrode terminal and the positive electrode terminal. In one or more aspects, overwelding on the positive electrode terminal and the negative electrode terminal is prevented, whereby safety of the cylindrical battery cell is improved.

Abstract: A cylindrical secondary battery module includes a plurality of cylindrical secondary battery cells having an electrode assembly and an electrolyte accommodated therein; a cell frame in which the plurality of cylindrical secondary battery cells are disposed; and a bus bar coupled to each of a plurality of cylindrical secondary battery cells and having a plurality of welding portions thereon. Among the plurality of welding portions, the welding portions spaced apart at larger intervals are welded to each other.

Abstract: A storage device of the present disclosure includes a memory device configured to store a plurality of address maps indicating a mapping relationship between a logical address and a physical address, and a memory controller configured to, when the storage device is in a power on state from a power off state, determine a priority rank of each of the plurality of address maps based on file attribute information received from a host and sequentially load the plurality of address maps according to the priority rank.

Abstract: A jig for manufacturing a rechargeable battery includes a plurality of pressing parts, each pressing part being configured to press a circumference of a welding part of a corresponding cylindrical rechargeable battery; and a jig plate supporting the plurality of pressing parts, the jig plate including a flow path for circulation of a refrigerant therein. A method manufacturing a rechargeable battery using the jig is also provided.

Abstract: Discussed is a bolting device including an operation part disposed on a table; a jig disposed on the table to contact an object to be bolted in which a bolt hole is defined, the jig including a through-hole for guiding a bolt to the bolt hole; a guide inserted to the through-hole, the guide having a hollow shape to accommodate the bolt therein, the guide having an inclined inner surface with a shape having an internal diameter that gradually decreases in a downward direction to maintain verticality of the bolt, and the guide further having a portion cut in a movement direction of the bolt so that the inner surface is elastically opened when the bolt is moved downward; and an elastic part in contact with an outer circumferential surface of the guide to elastically support a surrounding portion of a cut portion of the guide.

Abstract: The present technology provides a method of operating a host communicating with a memory system including a journal area and a data area. The method of operating the host includes determining to update old data stored in the memory system, transferring, to the memory system, a write command for writing journal data and meta journal data for updating the old data to the journal area, and transferring, to the memory system, a write command for writing new data corresponding to the journal data to the data area in response to a write completion of the meta journal data and the journal data received from the memory system. Each of the meta journal data and the journal data includes a descriptor identifier (ID) indicating the same write transaction.

Abstract: A storage device may include: a memory device including a temperature sensor; and a memory controller for acquiring, from the memory device, temperature information sensed by the temperature sensor for a temperature management period, performing a performance limiting operation of limiting the performance of the memory device according to the temperature information, calculating the temperature management period by using the temperature information, and updating the temperature management period by using history information on a performance history of the performance limiting operation.

Abstract: Disclosed is a bolting torque determination method which includes a preparation process of preparing samples of an object and samples of a bolt, a sample fracture torque acquisition process of measuring and acquiring a sample fracture torque, an effective fastening torque zone determination process of determining an effective fastening torque zone, in which fastening is performed without fracture, a bolt fastening angle measurement process of performing test fastening on the samples according to each of the plurality of selected experimental torques and measuring bolt fastening angles, and a bolting torque determination process of determining a bolting torque, whereby a rotation angle of each of the sample bolts is measured from a predetermined reference point of time to a point of time when the test fastening is finished.

Abstract: The present technology provides a method of operating a host communicating with a memory system including a journal area and a data area. The method of operating the host includes determining to update old data stored in the memory system, transferring, to the memory system, a write command for writing journal data and meta journal data for updating the old data to the journal area, and transferring, to the memory system, a write command for writing new data corresponding to the journal data to the data area in response to a write completion of the meta journal data and the journal data received from the memory system. Each of the meta journal data and the journal data includes a descriptor identifier (ID) indicating the same write transaction.

Abstract: Disclosed are a controller and a memory system including the controller. The memory system may include a memory device suitable for storing data and valid information of the data, and a controller suitable for allocating a logical address to write data requested by a host, based on the valid information, and notifying the host of the allocated logical address.

Abstract: A storage device may include: a memory device including a temperature sensor; and a memory controller for acquiring, from the memory device, temperature information sensed by the temperature sensor for a temperature management period, performing a performance limiting operation of limiting the performance of the memory device according to the temperature information, calculating the temperature management period by using the temperature information, and updating the temperature management period by using history information on a performance history of the performance limiting operation.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a display panel including a plurality of data lines arranged in a first direction, where the data line extends substantially in a second direction, and a plurality of pixels electrically connected to the data lines, and a data driver configured to output a first data voltage and a second data voltage to the data lines and configured to control the number of the data lines which receives the first data voltage and the number of the data lines which receive the second data voltage, where the first data voltage has a positive polarity during a first frame and a negative polarity during a second frame, and the second data voltage has the negative polarity during the first frame and the positive polarity during the second frame.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a display panel including a plurality of data lines arranged in a first direction, where the data line extends substantially in a second direction, and a plurality of pixels electrically connected to the data lines, and a data driver configured to output a first data voltage and a second data voltage to the data lines and configured to control the number of the data lines which receives the first data voltage and the number of the data lines which receive the second data voltage, where the first data voltage has a positive polarity during a first frame and a negative polarity during a second frame, and the second data voltage has the negative polarity during the first frame and the positive polarity during the second frame.