Abstract: The present embodiments provide a method and an apparatus for detecting an error of a kernel memory in real time, wherein the method and the apparatus select only an object process in real time without a source code and check a memory error of an operating system kernel only for the object process, thereby minimizing an impact on kernel performance.

Abstract: A piezoelectric speaker has a body, a reflective cover and a lower cover so as to increase durability and generate effective sound waves. A piezoelectric speaker has a body having a bottom portion defining a throttle hole in the center and a circular sidewall in the periphery, a reflection cover over and spaced to the body, a lower cover connected to the lower plane of the body and a piezoelectric transducer element including a metal disc forming a passing hole through a part of it and a piezoelectric element attached to the metal disc.