Abstract: A ball bearing includes an outer race; an inner race including having a through hole, a first end, and an outer surface; a plurality of balls rotatably disposed between the inner race and the outer race; a washer including an inner surface attached to the outer surface of the inner race; and a welding bead formed at a joining portion of the inner surface of the washer and the first end of the inner race to secure the washer to the inner race. A number of embodiments are provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a positive electrode active material and a lithium secondary battery including the same, and more particularly, to a positive electrode active material including an overlithiated lithium manganese-based oxide, which is capable of preventing the electrochemical properties of a lithium secondary battery, including rate characteristics, from being degraded due to an excess of lithium and manganese in the lithium manganese-based oxide, and particularly preventing the lifetime degradation of a lithium secondary battery by inhibiting or mitigating the elution of a transition metal from the lithium manganese-based oxide, and a lithium secondary battery including the same.

Abstract: An apparatus for managing a situation of an electric vehicle battery is disclosed. The apparatus for managing a situation of an electric vehicle battery includes a battery management module configured to monitor a state of the battery mounted in a vehicle, a communication module configured to transmit or receive information about the situation of the battery to or from a surrounding, a warning module configured to warn of the situation of the battery, and a processor operatively coupled to the battery management module, the communication module, and the warning module, wherein the processor determines the situation based on state information of the battery received from the battery management module, and outputs the information about the situation through at least one of the warning module or the communication module.

Abstract: Disclosed are a quantum light source device and an optical system including the same. The quantum light source device includes a substrate, a buffer layer provided on the substrate, and an optical waveguide layer provided on the buffer layer and including a signal waveguide and a resonant waveguide adjacent to one side of the signal waveguide. The resonant waveguide includes a periodic polarization inversion structure having a plurality of polarizations periodically inverted.

Abstract: Image sensing devices are disclosed. In an embodiment, an image sensing device may include: a lower layer including a substrate and a plurality of photodetectors such as photodiodes; an upper layer disposed over the lower layer; a first meta-lens layer disposed over the upper layer and configured to focus incident light; and a second meta-lens layer disposed below the lower layer and configured to scatter or reflect the incident light toward the photodetector.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for controlling an internal environment of a battery pack, the apparatus including a temperature sensor which measures an internal temperature of a battery pack, a humidity sensor which measures an internal humidity of the battery pack, a heating apparatus which increases the internal temperature of the battery pack and a processor which controls an internal environment of the battery pack by calculating a dew point based on the measured internal temperature and internal humidity, setting a threshold value based on the dew point, determining whether a current temperature reaches the threshold value according to changes in the internal temperature and the internal humidity and applying a control signal to the heating apparatus so that the current temperature does not reach the threshold value.

Abstract: An external light influence solution system includes a mobile robot and a control system for controlling an operation of the mobile robot including a light-emitting part for emitting light for sensing; a light-receiving part which includes at least one camera and receives the light emitted from the light-emitting part; a filter part which is positioned on the front surface of the light-receiving part to be spaced a predetermined interval apart from the light-receiving part so as to block external light having a specific wavelength, which is oriented toward the light-receiving part; and a control part for measuring a distance from an obstacle on the basis of the light received by the light-receiving part, and when the filter part is positioned on the front surface of the light-receiving part, the control part adjusts the brightness of a lens of the camera in order to receive the light.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes first, second, and third power rails extending in a first direction on a substrate and sequentially spaced apart in a second direction intersecting the first direction. A fourth power rail extends in the first direction on the substrate between the first and third power rails. A first well of a first conductive type is displaced inside the substrate between the first and third power rails. Cells are continuously displaced between the first and third power rails and share the first well. The first and third power rails are provided with a first voltage, the second power rail is provided with a second voltage different from the first voltage, the fourth power rail is provided with a third voltage different from the first voltage and the second voltage, and the cells are provided with the third voltage from the fourth power rail.

Abstract: Disclosed is a bolting torque determination method which includes a preparation process of preparing samples of an object and samples of a bolt, a sample fracture torque acquisition process of measuring and acquiring a sample fracture torque, an effective fastening torque zone determination process of determining an effective fastening torque zone, in which fastening is performed without fracture, a bolt fastening angle measurement process of performing test fastening on the samples according to each of the plurality of selected experimental torques and measuring bolt fastening angles, and a bolting torque determination process of determining a bolting torque, whereby a rotation angle of each of the sample bolts is measured from a predetermined reference point of time to a point of time when the test fastening is finished.

Abstract: A memory device may include a read controller and an error correction circuit. The read controller may sequentially perform a plurality of read retry operations on a memory device. The error correction circuit may perform a plurality of first error correction decodings on read data respectively acquired from the plurality of read retry operations, store a plurality of Unsatisfied Syndrome Check (USC) values respectively produced by the plurality of first error correction decodings, and perform a second error correction decoding based on read data corresponding to a minimum USC value among the plurality of USC values.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an eddy current sensor for detecting a crack in a battery cell. and a system for detecting a crack of a battery cell including the eddy current sensor. According to the present invention, it is possible to easily detect a crack generated in an electrode, an electrode tab or a welded portion.

Abstract: A folding type cargo compartment cover unit having a sealing structure includes: a plurality of slats successively arranged on top of a vehicular cargo compartment along one direction of a vehicle; connectors, each being arranged between the adjacent slats; shafts, each hinge-connecting one of the adjacent slats and the connector to each other by passing through the one of the adjacent slats and through the connector; and weather strips, each being formed of flexible material and being provided on at least one of the slat or the connector, thereby sealing a gap between the slat and the connector.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for performing a robot skill based on skill uncertainty using a large language model. The method includes generating a subtask list using a large language model by receiving a target task and environment information, mapping a subtask in the subtask list into a skill embedding space through an abstract skill policy network, and performing the subtask by decoding the mapped subtask through a manipulation skill policy network.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a method and apparatus for determining a hallucination score of an artificial intelligence model in a language processing system. The method for calculating a hallucination score includes receiving a prompt and an answer, inserting a keyword into the answer, generating a first word set by using words present in the prompt, generating a second word set by using words present in the answer with the inserted keyword, generating embedding vectors of the first word set and the second word set, and calculating a hallucination score based on the embedding vectors.

Abstract: A foldable loading box cover assembly for a vehicle includes a cover unit including a plurality of slats. The slats are foldable to cover an upper portion of a loading box of the vehicle. The assembly also includes a rail unit disposed in a unfolding direction of the cover unit at the upper portion of the loading box and configured to pop up for guiding an upper end portion and a lower end portion of the plurality of slats to slide. The foldable loading box cover assembly prevents the rail unit from being exposed to an upper portion of the loading box when the upper portion of the loading box is closed.

Abstract: A battery module location identification apparatus, method and system which identifies a location of a target battery module among a plurality of battery modules included in a battery pack using a sound signal generated from the target battery module, the battery module location identification apparatus including a microphone array having a plurality of microphones, a camera and a processor connected to the microphone array and the camera, wherein the processor generates location information of the target battery module based on an image of the plurality of battery modules captured by the camera and a sound signal received from the microphone array.

Abstract: Methods and systems for streaming DRM content are disclosed, and specific embodiments of the present disclosure can prevent communication degradation between a DRM server and a client terminal by reconstructing three-dimensional AR objects of DRM content packaged with an encryption key into a predetermined number of resolutions and then streaming them in segments, decrypting the three-dimensional AR objects of each received resolution matching a client authentication authority, and rendering them over a rendered low-resolution single image.

Abstract: A foldable loading box cover assembly for a vehicle has an articulated rail and includes a cover unit. The cover unit includes a plurality of slats where each slat has an upper end and a lower end alternately connected to adjacent slats when folded. The cover unit is folded or unfolded to uncover or cover a loading box of a vehicle. The cover assembly includes a main rail installed at an upper end of the loading box, disposed in a reward direction of the vehicle, and configured to guide the lower ends of the plurality of slats. The cover assembly includes an articulated rail installed on the main rail and configured to guide the upper ends of the plurality of slats. When the cover unit is folded, the articulated rail is separated from the main rail to guide the upper ends of the plurality of slats.

Abstract: A systems and methods for tracking a position of an electrode. The system may include: a notching controller configured to store pitch information of a unit electrode and to acquire electrode coordinate information of the electrode in a roll-to-roll state during a notching process and a cell identification (ID) of the unit electrode; a calculator configured to calculate coordinates of the cell ID from the pitch information and the cell ID; a roll map generator configured to generate a roll map based on the electrode coordinate information transmitted from the notching controller; and a mapping part configured to compare the coordinates of the roll map with the coordinates of the cell ID to derive an electrode position of the electrode during the electrode manufacturing process from which the unit electrode originates.

Abstract: A memory device includes a memory cell array and a peripheral circuit. The memory cell array includes a plurality of memory regions each identified by a row address and a column address. The peripheral circuit accesses the memory cell array by performing, based on an address, a burst length and a burst address gap provided from a memory controller, a burst operation supporting a variable burst address gap. The burst address gap is a numerical difference between adjacent column addresses, on which the burst operation is to be performed.