Abstract: An aerosol generating device and a controlling method thereof are provided. An aerosol generating device includes: a battery configured to supply power for generating an aerosol from an aerosol generating material; a converter configured to convert a supply voltage from the battery into a constant voltage of a predetermined level; a heater configured to heat the aerosol generating material using the supply voltage; a detection circuit configured to detect a change in resistance of the heater by applying the constant voltage output from the converter and performing a current sensing on the heater with a resistance value; and a controller configured to control the heater for generating the aerosol by switching between a monitoring mode for performing the detection of the change in the resistance of the heater using the constant voltage and a heating mode for heating the heater using the supply voltage.

Abstract: A substrate processing apparatus using plasma capable of efficiently controlling the selectivity ratio of a silicon layer and an oxide layer is provided. The substrate processing apparatus comprises a first space disposed between an electrode and an ion blocker; a second space disposed between the ion blocker and a shower head; a processing space under the shower head for processing a substrate; a first supply hole for providing a first gas for generating plasma to the first space; a second supply hole for providing a second gas to be mixed with an effluent of the plasma to the second space; and a first coating layer formed on a first surface of the shower head facing the second space, not formed on a second surface of the shower head facing the processing space, and containing nickel.

Abstract: A battery state estimating apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a measuring unit configured to measure a charging current, and voltage and temperature of a battery in a constant current charging process and a constant voltage charging process of the battery; and a control unit configured to judge whether an abnormal behavior occurs in the battery according to a behavior of at least one of the charging current, the voltage of the battery and the temperature of the battery in at least one of the constant current charging process and the constant voltage charging process, and determine whether lithium precipitation occurs in the battery based on the judged abnormal behavior of the battery.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an encoding method. The encoding method includes generating multiple feature maps using an input image, transforming the feature maps using a transform vector, and generating a bitstream by performing entropy encoding on at least any one of the feature map, the transform coefficient of the feature map, or the transform vector, or a combination thereof.

Abstract: An image processing method includes: determining a source transmission map based on a dark channel map of an input image; determining transformed transmission maps by applying different filters to the determined source transmission map; generating haze-free images by removing haze from the input image based respectively on the determined transformed transmission maps; and generating an output image by blending the generated haze-free images.

Abstract: An image processing method acquires an image, restores a saturated region in which a pixel in the image has a first reference value based on a first illuminance component of the image, enhances a dark region in which a value of a pixel in the image is less than a second reference value based on the restored saturated region and the first illuminance component, and outputs a dark region-enhanced image.

Abstract: An image processing method includes: determining a source transmission map based on a dark channel map of an input image; determining transformed transmission maps by applying different filters to the determined source transmission map; generating haze-free images by removing haze from the input image based respectively on the determined transformed transmission maps; and generating an output image by blending the generated haze-free images.

Abstract: A turbocharger fastening structure may include an exhaust manifold integrated head having two exhaust ports; a fastening unit located on one end portion of a turbocharger to be fastened to the exhaust manifold integrated head; and an intake hole formed on the fastening unit, corresponding to the two exhaust ports of the exhaust manifold integrated head, and having a rib, the intake hole allowing exhaust gas to enter the turbocharger through the exhaust manifold integrated head.

Abstract: An image processing method acquires an image, restores a saturated region in which a pixel in the image has a first reference value based on a first illuminance component of the image, enhances a dark region in which a value of a pixel in the image is less than a second reference value based on the restored saturated region and the first illuminance component, and outputs a dark region-enhanced image.

Abstract: A turbocharger fastening structure may include an exhaust manifold integrated head having two exhaust ports; a fastening unit located on one end portion of a turbocharger to be fastened to the exhaust manifold integrated head; and an intake hole formed on the fastening unit, corresponding to the two exhaust ports of the exhaust manifold integrated head, and having a rib, the intake hole allowing exhaust gas to enter the turbocharger through the exhaust manifold integrated head.

Abstract: An image recovery apparatus and method are provided, where the image recovery apparatus calculates a reference color image based on a linear correlation between a color channel image and a luminance channel image, and corrects the luminance channel image based on residual information that indicates a difference between the reference color image and the color channel image, to recover an image.

Abstract: An image recovery apparatus and method are provided, where the image recovery apparatus calculates a reference color image based on a linear correlation between a color channel image and a luminance channel image, and corrects the luminance channel image based on residual information that indicates a difference between the reference color image and the color channel image, to recover an image.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an engine system of a vehicle including an engine having combustion chambers for generating driving torque by burning fuel; an intake line in which fresh air flowing into the combustion chambers flows; an exhaust line in which exhaust gas exhausted from the combustion chambers flows; a recirculation line connecting the exhaust line and the intake line; a turbocharger including a turbine disposed at the exhaust line and rotated by the exhaust gas from the combustion chambers, and a compressor disposed at the intake line and rotated together with the turbine and compressing fresh air; an exhaust gas recirculation valve disposed at the connection of the recirculation line and the intake line to adjust an exhaust gas recirculation gas amount supplied to the intake line through the recirculation line; and a remaining gas elimination apparatus for supplying gas remaining in the intake line to the recirculation line.

Abstract: An apparatus for retrieving exhaust heat of an engine, may include the engine including a plurality of combustion chambers, an intake line, an exhaust line, a turbocharger including, a turbine provided on the exhaust line, and a compressor provided on the intake line and compressing external air, an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) apparatus including an EGR line branched from the exhaust line at a rear end of the turbocharger and merged with the intake line, an EGR cooler disposed on the EGR line, and an EGR valve to adjust an amount of re-circulated exhaust gas, an intercooler to cool the intake gas introduced through the intake line, an intercooler cooling line passing through a radiator and the intercooler, an EGR cooling line passing through the radiator and the EGR cooler, an EGR exhaust line, and an exhaust adjusting valve disposed on the EGR exhaust line.

Abstract: An apparatus for retrieving exhaust heat of an engine, may include the engine including a plurality of combustion chambers, an intake line, an exhaust line, a turbocharger including, a turbine provided on the exhaust line, and a compressor provided on the intake line and compressing external air, an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) apparatus including an EGR line branched from the exhaust line at a rear end of the turbocharger and merged with the intake line, an EGR cooler disposed on the EGR line, and an EGR valve to adjust an amount of re-circulated exhaust gas, an intercooler to cool the intake gas introduced through the intake line, an intercooler cooling line passing through a radiator and the intercooler, an EGR cooling line passing through the radiator and the EGR cooler, an EGR exhaust line, and an exhaust adjusting valve disposed on the EGR exhaust line.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an engine system of a vehicle including an engine having combustion chambers for generating driving torque by burning fuel; an intake line in which fresh air flowing into the combustion chambers flows; an exhaust line in which exhaust gas exhausted from the combustion chambers flows; a recirculation line connecting the exhaust line and the intake line; a turbocharger including a turbine disposed at the exhaust line and rotated by the exhaust gas from the combustion chambers, and a compressor disposed at the intake line and rotated together with the turbine and compressing fresh air; an exhaust gas recirculation valve disposed at the connection of the recirculation line and the intake line to adjust an exhaust gas recirculation gas amount supplied to the intake line through the recirculation line; and a remaining gas elimination apparatus for supplying gas remaining in the intake line to the recirculation line.

Abstract: A method for classifying objects in a scene captured by a camera determines a likelihood of first set of states for the objects. Each first set is a classification of one of the objects, and partitions a solution space based on the determined likelihood of the first set of states, each partition representing combinations of the classifications of the objects. The partitioning is applied to a solution space of a second set of states, each partition representing combinations of the classifications of a subset of the objects. The method determines a likelihood of the second set of states for the subset of the objects, each state of the second set of states being a classification of one of the subset of objects, and classifies a subset of objects according to the determined likelihood of the second set of states and the partitioning of the second set of states.

Abstract: A method for classifying objects in a scene captured by a camera determines a likelihood of first set of states for the objects. Each first set is a classification of one of the objects, and partitions a solution space based on the determined likelihood of the first set of states, each partition representing combinations of the classifications of the objects. The partitioning is applied to a solution space of a second set of states, each partition representing combinations of the classifications of a subset of the objects. The method determines a likelihood of the second set of states for the subset of the objects, each state of the second set of states being a classification of one of the subset of objects, and classifies a subset of objects according to the determined likelihood of the second set of states and the partitioning of the second set of states.

Abstract: Disclosed is a liquid crystal display device and a fabrication method thereof comprises a data PCB substrate having a data pad block and a gate PCB substrate having a gate pad block; a data dummy pad and a gate dummy pad formed on the data PCB substrate and on the gate PCB substrate, respectively; and a repair redundancy line formed on the gate pad block and the data pad block to form a redundancy line path between them.