Abstract: A process for producing a saccharified solution, by which xylose can be produced at a high yield from lignocellulosic biomass, is provided. The saccharification is carried out by adding a saccharifying enzyme to a pretreated material for saccharification of the lignocellulosic biomass. As the saccharifying enzyme is added a mixture of a first saccharifying enzyme originated from one or more microorganisms selected from the group consisting of fungi of the genus Acremonium, the genus Trichoderma, the genus Penicillium, the genus Aspergillus and the genus Thermoascus, and eubacteria of the genus Clostridium and the genus Bacillus, and a second saccharifying enzyme composed of ?-xylosidase originated from Thermotoga maritima.

Abstract: A method for producing a saccharification pre-processed material capable of producing a saccharification pre-processed material, in which lignin is sufficiently dissociated, when lignocellulose-based biomass is pre-processed with ammonia water, and a pre-processing device used therefor are provided. A saccharification pre-processing device 1 comprises a processing means 2 for mixing a substrate with ammonia water with the concentration from 20 to 30% by mass at a mass ratio of substrate:ammonia water=1:0.7 to 1:1.3 to yield a substrate mixture; heating the substrate mixture while keeping the same at a temperature of 25 to 100° C.

Abstract: A process for producing a saccharified solution, by which xylose can be produced at a high yield from lignocellulosic biomass, is provided. The saccharification is carried out by adding a saccharifying enzyme to a pretreated material for saccharification of the lignocellulosic biomass. As the saccharifying enzyme is added a mixture of a first saccharifying enzyme originated from one or more microorganisms selected from the group consisting of fungi of the genus Acremonium, the genus Trichoderma, the genus Penicillium, the genus Aspergillus and the genus Thermoascus, and eubacteria of the genus Clostridium and the genus Bacillus, and a second saccharifying enzyme composed of ?-xylosidase originated from Thermotoga maritima.

Abstract: A method of producing an oxidation catalyst for cleaning exhaust gas, excellent in the function of oxidizing high boiling point materials such as particulates and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons contained in the exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines is provided. Metal elements A and B are selected so that the value of the ionic radius of metal element A/the ionic radius of metal element B is in the range of from 1.349 to 1.580. After reacting the grind mixed material of the first metal element A, the second metal element B, and urea, the reactant material is grind mixed, and thereafter subjected to firing at 600 to 1200° C. for 1 to 5 hours. By doing so, an oxidation catalyst for cleaning exhaust gas comprising a composite oxide represented by the general formula ABO3 is obtained.

Abstract: A method of producing an oxidation catalyst for cleaning exhaust gas, excellent in the function of oxidizing high boiling point materials such as particulates and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons contained in the exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines is provided. Metal elements A and B are selected so that the value of the ionic radius of metal element A/the ionic radius of metal element B is in the range of from 1.349 to 1.580. After reacting the grind mixed material of the first metal element A, the second metal element B, and urea, the reactant material is grind mixed, and thereafter subjected to firing at 600 to 1200° C. for 1 to 5 hours. By doing so, an oxidation catalyst for cleaning exhaust gas comprising a composite oxide represented by the general formula ABO3 is obtained.

Abstract: An oxidation catalyst for cleaning exhaust gas, excellent in the function of oxidizing high boiling point materials such as particulates and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons contained in the exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines is provided. The catalyst is a composite oxide containing two kinds of metal elements, wherein, when the two kinds of metal elements are defined as A and B, the value of the ionic radius of metal element A/the ionic radius of metal element B is in the range of from 1.349 to 1.580. The metal element A is selected from the group consisting of Sc, Y, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu, and the metal element B is Mn. The composite oxide has a hexagonal structure.

Abstract: A fuel cell provides a high output at a high current density. The fuel cell has an anode electrode and a cathode electrode comprising a gas diffusion layer, a water-repellent layer disposed on the gas diffusion layer and containing a carbon material and polytetrafluoroethylene, and an electrode catalyst layer disposed on the water-repellent layer and containing a carbon material carrying a catalyst. The electrode catalyst layer has maximum and minimum thicknesses that differ from each other by less than 30 ?m. The electrode catalyst layer has cracks whose area is less than 10% of a total area of the electrode catalyst layer.

Abstract: A fuel cell has a unit cell whose output is increased. A unit cell of a fuel cell includes a cathode electrode having a gas diffusion layer and an electrode catalyst layer. The electrode catalyst layer is made of carbon black carrying a Pt—Mn-based alloy such as a Pt—Mn alloy on its particle surface. For operating the fuel cell which includes the cathode electrode, it is preferable to make the pressure of an oxygen-containing gas supplied to the cathode electrode higher than the pressure of an hydrogen-containing gas supplied to an anode electrode to make the pressure at the cathode electrode higher than the pressure at the anode electrode.

Abstract: A fuel cell provides a high output at a high current density. The fuel cell has an anode electrode and a cathode electrode comprising a gas diffusion layer, a water-repellent layer disposed on the gas diffusion layer and containing a carbon material and polytetrafluoroethylene, and an electrode catalyst layer disposed on the water-repellent layer and containing a carbon material carrying a catalyst. The electrode catalyst layer has maximum and minimum thicknesses that differ from each other by less than 30 &mgr;m. The electrode catalyst layer has cracks whose area is less than 10% of a total area of the electrode catalyst layer.

Abstract: A fuel cell has a unit cell whose output is increased. A unit cell of a fuel cell includes a cathode electrode having a gas diffusion layer and an electrode catalyst layer. The electrode catalyst layer is made of carbon black carrying a Pt—Mn-based alloy such as a Pt—Mn alloy on its particle surface. For operating the fuel cell which includes the cathode electrode, it is preferable to make the pressure of an oxygen-containing gas supplied to the cathode electrode higher than the pressure of an hydrogen-containing gas supplied to an anode electrode to make the pressure at the cathode electrode higher than the pressure at the anode electrode.

Abstract: This invention provides an electrode for a fuel cell comprising a catalyst layer obtained by a first step of homogeneously mixing carbon supporting platinum which is an electrode catalyst, an alcohol solution of an ion conductive component which is a solid polymer electrolytic membrane component, and an organic solvent, by means of a stirrer having a grinding effect to produce electrode paste in which the carbon is highly dispersed; a second step of stirring said electrode paste by means of a three-dimensional vibrating stirrer in order to obtain highly structured carbon on which platinum is supported; and a third step of coating a gas diffusion electrode material and/or a solid polymer electrolytic membrane with the electrode paste in which the carbon is highly structured, followed by removal of the organic solvent.

Abstract: In an adhesively bonded structure between a dynamic power detecting element and an object to be detected, an adhesive bond bonding the dynamic power detecting element formed of a ferromagnetic material with the object to be detected is formed of an adhesive and an inorganic filler having a small linear thermal expansion coefficient and incorporated in the adhesive.