Abstract: A precoding method in a multi-antenna system includes the following steps. A reference device transmits a first reference signal to base station antennas. A base station calculates uplink channel information and transmits it to a coordination server. The base station transmits a second reference signal to the reference device. The reference device calculates downlink channel information and transmits it to the coordination server.

Abstract: A resistive memory and a resistance window recovery method for a resistive memory cell thereof are provided. During a first period, an over reset voltage difference is applied between a top electrode and a bottom electrode of the resistive memory cell, wherein the over reset voltage difference falls in a reset complementary switching (reset-CS) voltage range of the resistive memory cell. During a second period, a set voltage difference is applied between the top electrode and the bottom electrode of the resistive memory cell to increase a compliance current of the resistive memory cell. During a third period, a reset operation is performed on the resistive memory cell.

Abstract: A power on reset method for a resistive memory storage device is provided and includes performing a forming procedure on a memory cell of the resistive memory storage device. The forming procedure includes applying at least one forming voltage and at least one reset voltage to the memory cell. The forming procedure further includes a thermal step. The step of applying at least one reset voltage to the memory cell may be preformed before or after the thermal step. After one forming voltage is applied, if the memory cell passes verification, the next forming voltage is not applied to the memory cell. After the thermal step, if the memory cell passes verification, the next forming voltage is not applied to the memory cell. In addition, after one reset voltage is applied, if the memory cell passes verification, the next reset voltage is not applied to the memory cell.

Abstract: A synapse system is provided which includes three transistors and a resistance-switching element arranged between two neurons. The resistance-switching element has a resistance value and it is arranged between two neurons. A first transistor is connected between the resistance-switching element and one of the neurons. A second transistor and a third transistor are arranged between the two neurons, and are connected in series which interconnects with the gate of the first transistor. A first input signal is transmitted from one of the neurons to the other neuron through the first transistor. A second input signal is transmitted from one of the neurons to the other neuron through the second transistor and the third transistor. The resistance value of the resistance-switching element is changed based on the time difference between the first input signal and the second input signal.

Abstract: A precoding method in a multi-antenna system includes the following steps. A reference device transmits a first reference signal to base station antennas. A base station calculates uplink channel information and transmits it to a coordination server. The base station transmits a second reference signal to the reference device. The reference device calculates downlink channel information and transmits it to the coordination server.

Abstract: An ultrasonic system and an ultrasonic method with adaptive overflow and gain control are provided. The present disclosure uses two-stage gain controls to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and to achieve the correct analysis of results. The first stage adopts an analog gain, and monitors whether the signal may overflow or its signal strength is too weak, and adjusts the gain value as large as possible, without causing overflow in order to improve the SNR. The second stage adopts a digital gain. In the second stage, all the amplified gain-containing data adjusted in the first stage are received, and an amplified gain-containing data segment is sequentially retrieved in chronological order, and the amplified gain-containing data segment is converted into a same-gain data segment having the same gain. Finally, the same-gain data segment is provided to a Doppler signal analyzer for analysis.

Abstract: A forming method of a resistive memory device is provided. The forming method includes: conducting a forming procedure to apply a forming voltage to the resistive memory device such that the resistive memory device changes from a high resistive state to a low resistive state and measuring a first current of the resistive memory device; performing a thermal step on the resistive memory device and measuring a second current of the resistive memory device; and comparing the second current to the first current and determining to apply a first voltage signal or a second voltage signal to the resistive memory device or to finish the forming procedure according to a comparison result of the first current and the second current. In addition, a memory storage apparatus including a resistive memory device is also provided.

Abstract: A resistive memory apparatus and a setting method for a resistive memory cell thereof are provided. The setting method includes: performing a first setting operation on the resistive memory cell, and performing a first verifying operation on the resistive memory cell after the first setting operation is finished; determining whether to perform a first resetting operation on the resistive memory cell according to a verifying result of the first verifying operation, and performing a second verifying operation on the resistive memory cell after the first resetting operation is determined to be performed and is finished; and determining whether to perform a second resetting operation on the resistive memory cell according to a verifying result of the second verifying operation, and performing a third verifying operation on the resistive memory cell after the second resetting operation is determined to be performed and is finished.

Abstract: A resistive memory apparatus and a setting method for a resistive memory cell thereof are provided. The setting method includes: performing a first setting operation on the resistive memory cell, and performing a first verifying operation on the resistive memory cell after the first setting operation is finished; determining whether to perform a first resetting operation on the resistive memory cell according to a verifying result of the first verifying operation, and performing a second verifying operation on the resistive memory cell after the first resetting operation is determined to be performed and is finished; and determining whether to perform a second resetting operation on the resistive memory cell according to a verifying result of the second verifying operation, and performing a third verifying operation on the resistive memory cell after the second resetting operation is determined to be performed and is finished.

Abstract: A resistive memory and a resistance window recovery method for a resistive memory cell thereof are provided. During a first period, an over reset voltage difference is applied between a top electrode and a bottom electrode of the resistive memory cell, wherein the over reset voltage difference falls in a reset complementary switching (reset-CS) voltage range of the resistive memory cell. During a second period, a set voltage difference is applied between the top electrode and the bottom electrode of the resistive memory cell to increase a compliance current of the resistive memory cell. During a third period, a reset operation is performed on the resistive memory cell.

Abstract: A resistive random access memory is provided. The resistive random access memory includes a bottom electrode over a substrate, a top electrode, a resistance-switching layer, an oxygen exchange layer, and a sidewall protective layer. The top electrode is disposed over the bottom electrode. The resistance-switching layer is disposed between the bottom electrode and the top electrode. The oxygen exchange layer is disposed between the resistance-switching layer and the top electrode. The sidewall protective layer containing metal or semiconductor is disposed at sidewalls of the resistance-switching layer, and the sidewalls of the resistance-switching layer is doped with the metal or semiconductor from the sidewall protective layer.

Abstract: A multi-cell system includes a coordination server connected to a plurality of base stations having a plurality of base station antennas, and at least one reference device. The reference device is connected wirelessly to the base stations, and a plurality of reference device antennas are disposed on the reference device. The coordination server derives a plurality of relative carrier frequency offsets (CFO) according to a plurality of uplink channel information, derived according to a plurality of uplink reference signals transmitted by the reference device antennas of the reference device, received from the base stations. The coordination server derives a plurality of channel calibration factors according to the uplink channel information, the relative CFOs and a plurality of downlink channel information, derived according to a plurality of downlink reference signals transmitted by at least one base station antenna of each of the base stations, received from the reference device.

Abstract: An antenna apparatus and a method for controlling an antenna array are provided. The method includes the following steps. A plurality of selectable antenna configurations is provided for a directional service. One of the antenna configurations is selected for an antenna element of the antenna array according to a service criterion. The antenna apparatus includes an antenna array, a controller, and a switching unit. The antenna array includes a plurality of antenna elements. The controller is adapted to generate a control signal based on selecting one of a plurality of antenna configurations according to a service criterion for an antenna element to provide a directional service. The switching unit is adapted to configure each of the antenna elements according to the control signal.

Abstract: A system for upgrading and screening of task and its implementing method is provided, which is mainly formed by at least one mobile information device and a task database. The task database receives a creation application of a task stronghold submitted from the mobile information device. After the creation of a task stronghold is completed, each task stronghold of a task database is triggered by the mobile information device so as to perform the task. If two adjacent task strongholds in the creation of a task stronghold have their respective task trade-off ranges overlapped each other, the task database performs screening of the task strongholds so as to maintain the number of tasks and participation rate in best condition.

Abstract: An antenna apparatus and a method for controlling an antenna array are provided. The method includes the following steps. A plurality of selectable antenna configurations is provided for a directional service. One of the antenna configurations is selected for an antenna element of the antenna array according to a service criterion. The antenna apparatus includes an antenna array, a controller, and a switching unit. The antenna array includes a plurality of antenna elements. The controller is adapted to generate a control signal based on selecting one of a plurality of antenna configurations according to a service criterion for an antenna element to provide a directional service. The switching unit is adapted to configure each of the antenna elements according to the control signal.

Abstract: A transmitter and the method therefor are provided. The transmitter is applied in an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) based or other multicarrier communication systems. The transmitter uses N sub-carriers. Among the N sub-carriers, L sub-carriers (or tones) are reserved for PAPR reduction. L is less than N. The method includes the following steps. Original frequency domain data symbols are generated and fed into the reserved-tone symbol generation unit. The reserved-tone symbols are generated by using pure frequency domain signal processing. Then the reserved-tone symbols are combined with original data symbols to generate combined PAPR reduction signal. The resultant PAPR reduction signal can be fed into reserved-tone symbol generation unit iteratively to obtain updated reserved-tone symbols. For proper iterations, the original data symbols combined with L frequency domain reserved-tone symbols will result in lower PAPR transmit signal.

Abstract: A light emitting device of the present invention includes at least: at least more than one blue light chip, at least more than one red light chip and a fluorescent layer overlaid and bonded to the blue light light chip and the red light chip. The fluorescent layer is formed from a uniform mixture of a yellow phosphor and a red phosphor with the addition of a transparent plastic material. At least one portion of the absorbed light source is used to emit a light source with a wave length dissimilar to the wave length of the absorbed light or of the same wave length, thereby achieving the effectiveness to increase the illuminance and color rendering of white light.

Abstract: A transmitter and the method therefor are provided. The transmitter is applied in an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) based or other multicarrier communication systems. The transmitter uses N sub-carriers. Among the N sub-carriers, L sub-carriers (or tones) are reserved for PAPR reduction. L is less than N. The method includes the following steps. Original frequency domain data symbols are generated and fed into the reserved-tone symbol generation unit. The reserved-tone symbols are generated by using pure frequency domain signal processing. Then the reserved-tone symbols are combined with original data symbols to generate combined PAPR reduction signal. The resultant PAPR reduction signal can be fed into reserved-tone symbol generation unit iteratively to obtain updated reserved-tone symbols. For proper iterations, the original data symbols combined with L frequency domain reserved-tone symbols will result in lower PAPR transmit signal.