Abstract: Methods for chemical mechanical polishing (CMP), and methods for forming an interconnect structure of a semiconductor device are provided. The methods include performing CMP on a surface of a dielectric structure with a CMP slurry to remove a portion of a metal layer formed in the dielectric structure and having at least a first layer exposed through the surface. In some examples, the CMP slurry that includes an abrasive, an oxidizing agent, and a compound configured to reduce aggregation of the abrasive on the surface of the dielectric structure. In some examples, the compound has positively charged ions that interact with the abrasive to reduce aggregation of the abrasive on a dielectric material. In some examples, the CMP slurry includes potassium hydroxide. In some examples, the compound includes an ammonium salt.

Abstract: A method for performing a data exchanging process to exchange data includes the following steps: establishing a data operating unit, transferring an encryption key to a first terminal, receiving first data encrypted according to the encryption key from the first terminal, combining first subset data of the first data and second subset data of second data encrypted according to the encryption key in the data operating unit to form result data wherein the first subset data and the second subset data respectively have a common identifier, delivering the result data to the first terminal and terminating the data operating unit. Besides, a non-transitory computer-readable medium and a system to perform the method are disclosed.

Abstract: A memory structure including a substrate, charge storage layers, and a gate is provided. The charge storage layers are located on the substrate. The gate is located on the substrate on one side of the charge storage layers. The gate extends along a first direction. The gate has a protruding portion protruding along a second direction. The second direction intersects the first direction. The protruding portion is located between two adjacent charge storage layers arranged along the first direction.

Abstract: A lighting device includes a driver, a first light string, a second light string, a constant current controller and a pulse width modulation controller. The driver is configured to provide a DC driving current to a shunt node. The first light string is electrically coupled between the shunt node and a ground terminal, and the first light string is driven by a first pulsating direct current. The second light string and the constant current controller are electrically coupled in series between the shunt node and the ground terminal. The pulse width modulation controller is configured to provide a pulse signal to the constant current controller, and the constant current controller controls a pulse frequency of a second pulsating direct current supplied for the second light string according to the pulse signal.

Abstract: A lighting device includes a light board and a light dimmer circuit. The light board includes multiple first light emitting elements and second light emitting elements. The first light emitting elements are disposed in a first area of the light board. The second light emitting elements are disposed in a second area of the light board. The light dimmer circuit is configured to drive the second light emitting elements to generate flickering lights from the second area of the light board, and is configured to drive the first light emitting elements to generate non-flickering lights from the first area of the light board.

Abstract: A method for performing a data exchanging process to exchange data includes the following steps: establishing a data operating unit, transferring an encryption key to a first terminal, receiving first data encrypted according to the encryption key from the first terminal, combining first subset data of the first data and second subset data of second data encrypted according to the encryption key in the data operating unit to form result data wherein the first subset data and the second subset data respectively have a common identifier, delivering the result data to the first terminal and terminating the data operating unit. Besides, a non-transitory computer-readable medium and a system to perform the method are disclosed.

Abstract: A lighting device includes a board, first light emitting elements and second light emitting elements. The first light emitting elements emit lights in a first spectral range. The second light emitting elements emit lights in a second spectral range. The second spectral range is narrow than the first spectral range. The first light emitting elements are disposed in at least one first area of the board, and the second light emitting elements are disposed in second areas of the board. The at least one first area and the second areas are alternatively arranged on the board.

Abstract: A method for tracking a moving human target and a device, the target tracking device comprises radar unit and camera unit. The method first obtains first positional information of a target through the radar unit, then obtains a display area image comprising the target through the camera unit based on the first positional information. Upon determining the target as human, the method determines whether an initial position of face of the target is centered within the display area image. If not centered, compensation is continuously applied to the radar unit from calculations on information as to orientations and distances from the radar unit and the camera unit, the radar unit and the camera unit being controlled to conduct face tracking of the moving target.

Abstract: A lighting device includes a light board and a light dimmer circuit. The light board includes multiple first light emitting elements and second light emitting elements. The first light emitting elements are disposed in a first area of the light board. The second light emitting elements are disposed in a second area of the light board. The light dimmer circuit is configured to drive the second light emitting elements to generate flickering lights from the second area of the light board, and is configured to drive the first light emitting elements to generate non-flickering lights from the first area of the light board.

Abstract: An Ethernet physical-layer circuit corresponding to a first port is connected to a first link partner device through the first port and a first Ethernet cable. The Ethernet physical-layer circuit and other physical-layer circuits all employ an output oscillation signal of a crystal oscillator to respectively generate clock waveforms, and they are configured in a master mode when the crosstalk noise is converged and compensated.

Abstract: A system and method for a second wireless device to establish distance and location of a first device which is transmitting radio waves includes the first and second devices. Each second device includes two or more (N in number) receiving antennas. An angle between the directions in which adjacent receiving antennas receive the strongest signals is 360°/N. The second device obtains a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) of each receiving antenna receiving signals from the first device, and from the two strongest receiving antennas, calculation of an angle between the first device and one of the adjacent receiving antennas can be performed. The distance between the first device and the second device can also be calculated.

Abstract: A method for adjusting direction of antenna for optimal radio reception, adapted to a communication device with a directional antenna. The method includes receiving a wireless signal output by a wireless signal source in a first direction at a predetermined location, and obtaining a first received power value corresponding to the first direction. A wireless signal output by the wireless signal source in a second direction is also received through the directional antenna and a second received power value corresponding to the second direction is also obtained. An optimal receiving angle according to the first received power value, the second received power value, a maximum gain value of the directional antenna, a first angle, and a second angle, is calculated and the direction of the directional antenna can be adjusted according to the optimal receiving angle.

Abstract: A method for adjusting direction of antenna for optimal radio reception, adapted to a communication device with a directional antenna. The method includes receiving a wireless signal output by a wireless signal source in a first direction at a predetermined location, and obtaining a first received power value corresponding to the first direction. A wireless signal output by the wireless signal source in a second direction is also received through the directional antenna and a second received power value corresponding to the second direction is also obtained. An optimal receiving angle according to the first received power value, the second received power value, a maximum gain value of the directional antenna, a first angle, and a second angle, is calculated and the direction of the directional antenna can be adjusted according to the optimal receiving angle.

Abstract: An Ethernet physical-layer circuit corresponding to a first port is connected to a first link partner device through the first port and a first Ethernet cable. The Ethernet physical-layer circuit and other physical-layer circuits all employ an output oscillation signal of a crystal oscillator to respectively generate clock waveforms, and they are configured in a master mode when the crosstalk noise is converged and compensated.