Abstract: The present disclosure provides a privacy computing method based on homomorphic encryption, which includes steps as follows. The ciphertext data is received, where the ciphertext data has a floating-point homomorphic encryption data structure, and the floating-point homomorphic encryption data structure of the ciphertext data includes the ciphertext mantissa, exponent parameter and gain parameter. The gain parameter sets the precision of the floating point corresponding to the ciphertext mantissa. The exponent parameter is adapted to multiplication or division. The artificial intelligence model performs operations on the ciphertext data to return the ciphertext result.

Abstract: The federated learning system includes a moderator and client devices. Each client device performs a method for verifying model update as follows: receiving a hash function and a general model; training a client model according to the general model and raw data; calculating a difference as an update parameter between the general model and the client model, sending the update parameter to the moderator; inputting the update parameter to the hash function to generate a hash value; sending the hash value to other client devices, and receiving other hash values; summing all the hash values to generate a trust value; receiving an aggregation parameter calculated according to the update parameters; inputting the aggregation parameter to the hash function to generate a to-be-verified value; and updating the client model according to the aggregation parameter when the to-be-verified value equals the trust value.

Abstract: A tool case has a base and a cover. The base has two opposite sides, an outer surface, an inner surface and multiple cavities defined in the inner surface to receive tools inside. The cover is pivotally connected to the base and has two opposite sides, an outer surface, an inner surface and multiple cavities defined in the inner surface to receive tools insides. The inner surface and the outer surface of each one of the base and the cover are formed in different colors. A shoulder is formed on each side of the base and the cover to make colors of the inner surfaces of the base and the cover been exposed from the shoulders. Accordingly, a tool case with an aesthetic and versatile appearance is provided.