Abstract: Systems and methods for generating a three-dimensional gas map includes a remote vehicle including reflective material. A positioning stage including multidimensional movement to track the remote vehicle. A light head to reflect light off of the remote vehicle. A controller to analyze received light to determine gas content and generate a three-dimensional gas map.

Abstract: Systems and methods for generating a three-dimensional gas map includes a remote vehicle including reflective material. A positioning stage including multidimensional movement to track the remote vehicle. A light head to reflect light off of the remote vehicle. A controller to analyze received light to determine gas content and generate a three-dimensional gas map.

Abstract: A method of optical label swapping implemented by a switch used in a software defined network system that in one embodiment includes providing a 400-Gbit/s payload having a Nyquist shaped carrier in a 75-Ghz bandwidth spacing using a payload generator module controlling at least one first optical laser, and inserting a first optical label adjacent to the payload flow in a remainder of a 100-Ghz bandwidth with a label generator controlling at least one second optical laser. The label generator and the payload generator are controlled by a software defined network (SDN). A package of the payload and the first optical label is transmitted to a receiving node. The optical label can be swapped at the receiving node with a flex grid wavelength selective switch (WSS) controlled by the software defined network.

Abstract: A computer implemented method for dynamically allocating traffic in a passive optical communication system includes employing an individual wavelength channel to carry different data services from an individual transmitter, configuring an optical network unit into optical network unit groups serving at least two community of users; and providing a flexible remote node with wavelength routing flexibility including switching wavelength traffic from optical network user groups with low capacity requirements to optical network user groups with increased wavelength traffic requirements.

Abstract: A bidirectional submarine transmission using unidirectional amplification transmits first and second communication signals bidirectional to each other over a repeater path with common end-to-end points, the repeater path includes a single unidirectional amplifier, the repeater path has a first branch path for the first communication signal through the single amplifier and a second branch path for the second communication signal through the single unidirectional amplifier, the first and second communication signals originating and leaving opposite ends of the repeater path, respectively.

Abstract: A method of optical label swapping implemented by a switch used in a software defined network system that in one embodiment includes providing a 400-Gbit/s payload having a Nyquist shaped carrier in a 75-Ghz bandwidth spacing using a payload generator module controlling at least one first optical laser, and inserting a first optical label adjacent to the payload flow in a remainder of a 100-Ghz bandwidth with a label generator controlling at least one second optical laser. The label generator and the payload generator are controlled by a software defined network (SDN). A package of the payload and the first optical label is transmitted to a receiving node. The optical label can be swapped at the receiving node with a flex grid wavelength selective switch (WSS) controlled by the software defined network.

Abstract: A method by an optical network unit ONU includes, for downstream transmission, using a first tunable laser for coherent detection on a sub-band basis to increase receiver sensitivity and reduce analog-to-digital conversion ADC and digital signal processor DSP requirements within the ONU, and for upstream transmission, using a second tunable laser and using an optical signal beating between the first and second tunable lasers to generate a tunable radio frequency RF signal source for upstream multi-band OFDMA signal generation thereby avoiding need for an otherwise more costly RF clock source within the ONU, enabling low-speed digital-to-analog conversion DAC operation and rendering the ONU colorless in both optical and radio frequency RF domains.

Abstract: A computer implemented method for dynamically allocating traffic in a passive optical communication system includes employing an individual wavelength channel to carry different data services from an individual transmitter, configuring an optical network unit into optical network unit groups serving at least two community of users; and providing a flexible remote node with wavelength routing flexibility including switching wavelength traffic from optical network user groups with low capacity requirements to optical network user groups with increased wavelength traffic requirements.

Abstract: A bidirectional submarine transmission using unidirectional amplification transmits first and second communication signals bidirectional to each other over a repeater path with common end-to-end points, the repeater path includes a single unidirectional amplifier, the repeater path has a first branch path for the first communication signal through the single amplifier and a second branch path for the second communication signal through the single unidirectional amplifier, the first and second communication signals originating and leaving opposite ends of the repeater path, respectively.

Abstract: A marching drum assembly of the present invention includes a supporter, at least an engaging element, at least a drum body, and a carrier. The engaging element includes a first and a second clipper boards which are parallel to each other, and a clipper trough is formed therebetween to receive a board-shape frame of the supporter. The engaging element also has a positioning element which is able to pivot relatively to the second clipper board. The positioning element is able to be fixed to the first clipper board after being pivoted toward the first clipper board. Thus, the two clipper boards are clamped tightly. Besides, one of the clipper boards connects with the drum body, and the carrier is capable of bearing the supporter. Thereby, the drum can be positioned at any preferred position on the frame, and easy adjustment and fixation can be achieved.

Abstract: The present method is for generating a 4-level optical signal and it includes providing a continuous wave CW optical source; modulating the CW optical source with a first intensity modulator driven by a binary electrical signal a n Gbits/s to generate an optical signal; employing a second intensity modulator as a pulse carving modulator that is driven by an RF signal at n GHz thereby generating a 4 level optical signal for subsequent detection by a receiver.

Abstract: A method by an optical network unit ONU includes, for downstream transmission, using a first tunable laser for coherent detection on a sub-band basis to increase receiver sensitivity and reduce analog-to-digital conversion ADC and digital signal processor DSP requirements within the ONU, and for upstream transmission, using a second tunable laser and using an optical signal beating between the first and second tunable lasers to generate a tunable radio frequency RF signal source for upstream multi-band OFDMA signal generation thereby avoiding need for an otherwise more costly RF clock source within the ONU, enabling low-speed digital-to-analog conversion DAC operation and rendering the ONU colorless in both optical and radio frequency RF domains.

Abstract: A method for an arbitrary optical microwave and mm-wave generation includes generating 2N+1 optical carriers while employing only one continuous wave CW lightwave with a recirculating multi-tone generator; and selecting optical carriers with an arbitrary-frequency optical millimeter-wave generator responsive to the prior generating.

Abstract: A high speed orthogonal dense wavelength division multiplexing DWDM signal generator includes a multi-peak continuous wave signal generator responsive to a light source, an optical filter for separating multi-peaks of lightwaves from the generator; and a polarization multiplexing stage responsive to the multi-peaks of lightwaves from the optical filter for providing a polarization multiplexing optical signal. The generator includes a cascaded phase modulator and intensity modulator driven by a repetitive frequency (I) to generate multiple spectral peaks, each peak being modulated by an optical modulator driven by a respective baud rate (f baud/s) electrical signal.

Abstract: A drum comprises a drum body made of at least one fiber layer. The drum body is provided with a drumhead at each of two opposite ends thereof. The drumheads are positioned on two reinforced frames disposed at both ends of the drum body by two drum hoops, so that the contact area between the drumheads and the drum body can be reduced through the reinforced frames. In addition, the reinforced frames reinforce the structure and maintain the shape of the drum body. Plural positioning screws are inserted through the periphery of the respective drum hoops, and the drum body is provided with plural fixing members to be screwed with the positioning screws. By such arrangements, the drum not only has the advantages of reinforced structure, light weight and easy production but exert a better resonance effect, making the sound produced by the drum more robust and powerful.

Abstract: A drum comprises a drum body made of at least one fiber layer. The drum body is provided with a drumhead at each of two opposite ends thereof. The drumheads are positioned on two reinforced frames disposed at both ends of the drum body by two drum hoops, so that the contact area between the drumheads and the drum body can be reduced through the reinforced frames. In addition, the reinforced frames reinforce the structure and maintain the shape of the drum body. Plural positioning screws are inserted through the periphery of the respective drum hoops, and the drum body is provided with plural fixing members to be screwed with the positioning screws. By such arrangements, the drum not only has the advantages of reinforced structure, light weight and easy production but exert a better resonance effect, making the sound produced by the drum more robust and powerful.