Abstract: A micro electro mechanical system (MEMS) includes a circuit substrate comprising electronic circuitry, a support substrate having a recess, a bonding layer disposed between the circuit substrate and the support substrate, through holes passing through the circuit substrate to the recess, a first conductive layer disposed on a front side of the circuit substrate, and a second conductive layer disposed on an inner wall of the recess. The first conductive layer extends into the through holes and the second conductive layer extends into the through holes and coupled to the first conductive layer.

Abstract: An antenna system that generates radiation similar to that generated by a relativistic charged particle is provided. The antenna system includes a conducting wire carrying a current pulse with a net charge, called a quasi charged particle, which propagates near the speed of light and emits radiation. Preferably, the quasi charged particle is generated by using a pulsed laser to knock out electrons from the conducting wire. While propagating on the conducting wire near the speed of light, the quasi charged particle generates a synchrotron like radiation from a bent of the wire, an undulator like radiation from a sinusoidal or helical structure of the wire, a diffraction like radiation from an aperture transmitting the wire, a Smith-Purcell like radiation from a corrugated grating surface next to the wire, and a greatly wavelength-contracted undulator like radiation from an undulator with the wire aligned along the undulator axis.

Abstract: An antenna system that generates radiation similar to that generated by a relativistic charged particle is provided. The antenna system includes a conducting wire carrying a current pulse with a net charge, called a quasi charged particle, which propagates near the speed of light and emits radiation. Preferably, the quasi charged particle is generated by using a pulsed laser to knock out electrons from the conducting wire. While propagating on the conducting wire near the speed of light, the quasi charged particle generates a synchrotron like radiation from a bent of the wire, an undulator like radiation from a sinusoidal or helical structure of the wire, a diffraction like radiation from an aperture transmitting the wire, a Smith-Purcell like radiation from a corrugated grating surface next to the wire, and a greatly wavelength-contracted undulator like radiation from an undulator with the wire aligned along the undulator axis.

Abstract: A bicycle wheel reflector mounting device includes a headed fastening rod, and a reflector fastened to either spoke of a bicycle wheel by the headed fastening rod, wherein the reflector has a notched annular coupling flange attached to the spoke, inside annular flanges and longitudinal grooves in a through hole thereof. The headed fastening rod has a longitudinal split, which receives the spoke, two longitudinal ribs which engage the longitudinal grooves for causing the headed fastening rod to be compressed radially, and a hooked portion hooked up with the inside annular flanges.