Abstract: A method capable of reducing a required capacity of a retry buffer of a link device when the link device transfers real-time data to a link partner through the PCIe interface determines how to resend a packet required by the link partner according to the type of the packet. When the packet is a data packet, the method determines if a pending data packet exists in a pending transmission data buffer. When the pending data packet exists in the pending transmission data buffer, the link device directly transmits the pending data packet to the link partner. When the pending data packet does not exist in the pending transmission data buffer, the link device transmits a dummy packet to the link partner. In this way, the retry buffer only requires enough capacity to store the dummy packet and buffer the command data packets.

Abstract: A method for increasing the efficiency of transferring packets of isochronous transfer type in USB 3.0 includes ignoring a packet of isochronous transfer type with an incorrect header. When the receiving end receives a packet of isochronous transfer type with an incorrect header, the receiving end does not send a retry signal to the transmitting end. Therefore, the transmitting end can more quickly transmit the following packets of isochronous transfer type.

Abstract: A data transfer method is utilized for saving memory for storing packet in USB protocol. When a transmitter is to send a payload, the protocol layer of the transmitter writes the payload into a shared payload memory. The protocol layer generates a corresponding header according to the payload, and writes the corresponding header into a shared header memory. The data-link layer of the transmitter generates a packet by means of directly combining the payload saving in the shared payload memory and the header saving in the shared header memory, and sends the packet. Hence, when the transmitter is to send the payload, the transmitter only requires a memory of which the size is equal to a packet. In this way, the memory can be saved, reducing the cost.

Abstract: A method capable of reducing a required capacity of a retry buffer of a link device when the link device transfers real-time data to a link partner through the PCIe interface determines how to resend a packet required by the link partner according to the type of the packet. When the packet is a data packet, the method determines if a pending data packet exists in a pending transmission data buffer. When the pending data packet exists in the pending transmission data buffer, the link device directly transmits the pending data packet to the link partner. When the pending data packet does not exist in the pending transmission data buffer, the link device transmits a dummy packet to the link partner. In this way, the retry buffer only requires enough capacity to store the dummy packet and buffer the command data packets.

Abstract: A method for increasing the efficiency of transferring packets of isochronous transfer type in USB 3.0 includes ignoring a packet of isochronous transfer type with an incorrect header. When the receiving end receives a packet of isochronous transfer type with an incorrect header, the receiving end does not send a retry signal to the transmitting end. Therefore, the transmitting end can more quickly transmit the following packets of isochronous transfer type.

Abstract: A data transfer method is utilized for saving memory for storing packet in USB protocol. When a transmitter is to send a payload, the protocol layer of the transmitter writes the payload into a shared payload memory. The protocol layer generates a corresponding header according to the payload, and writes the corresponding header into a shared header memory. The data-link layer of the transmitter generates a packet by means of directly combining the payload saving in the shared payload memory and the header saving in the shared header memory, and sends the packet. Hence, when the transmitter is to send the payload, the transmitter only requires a memory of which the size is equal to a packet. In this way, the memory can be saved, reducing the cost.

Abstract: A vortex generator is adapted for use with an engine so as to enhance combustion efficiency of the engine. The vortex generator includes a tubular body and a plurality of curved blades. The tubular body is adapted to be disposed anterior to an air intake port of the engine and is formed with an air inlet, an air outlet, and an inner wall surface that defines an air passage extending from the air inlet to the air outlet. A plurality of curved blades are mounted in the air passage on the inner wall surface of the tubular body, and cooperate to direct air that flows through the air passage from the air inlet to the air outlet to form a vortex which is supplied to the air intake port. As such, the vortex can mix with fuel in the engine to enhance the combustion efficiency.