Abstract: A process for manufacturing esters from acid and alcohol and a system thereof are provided, wherein the system includes a reactive distillation column, a sidestream reactor packed with catalyst, and a decanter for conducting the method. The method is carried out by (a) extracting a first mixture of acid and alcohol from the reactive distillation column, for then feeding the first mixture to at least one sidestream reactor packed with catalyst to obtain a reaction product; (b) feeding the reaction product from the sidestream reactor to the reactive distillation column, allowing a second mixture of alcohol, ester and water to be separated from a top end of the reactive distillation column; (c) feeding the second mixture into the decanter to separate an organic phase from an aqueous phase; and (d) separating esters from the organic phase.

Abstract: Formic acid manufacturing system and method of manufacturing formic acid. The formic acid manufacturing system includes a reactor, a first separation device, a second separation device, a reactive distillation device and a third separation device. Methyl formate is produced in the reactor by processing a conbonylation reaction of external carbon monoxide and methanol. Water is added into the reactive distillation device externally, and formic acid and methanol is produced in the reactive distillation device by hydrolyzing methyl formate with water. A formic acid solution is obtained from an output of the third separation device.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and an apparatus for manufacturing at least two esters. The method includes steps of: (a) reacting an acid and an alcohol mixture in a reactive distillation (RD) column to generate an alcohol-ester-water azeotrope, wherein the alcohol mixture includes at least two alcohols; (b) separating the alcohol-ester-water azeotrope as the organic mixture and water in a decanter; (c) purifying the organic mixture to generate the ester mixture in a stripper; and (d) performing the ester-ester separation on the ester mixture to generate at least two esters in a distillation column, wherein the number of at least two esters is the same with that of at least two alcohols. The unpurified ester mixture carrying heat can be refluxed into stripper for saving energy and enhancing the efficiency of purification.

Abstract: A method for preparing an ester is provided. The method includes steps of mixing an acid and an alcohol in a reactive distillation column to generate a first gas mixture; transporting the first gas mixture out of the reactive distillation column; cooling down the first gas mixture for a phase separation to obtain a first liquid mixture in an upper phase; transporting the first liquid mixture back to the reactive distillation column; obtaining a second liquid mixture at a middle section of the reactive distillation column; transporting the second liquid mixture to a separative distillation column; and obtaining the ester at a bottom section of the separative distillation column.

Abstract: A separation system for a methyl acetate hydrolysis is provided. The separation system comprises a reactive distillation system, a reflux system, a first separation system and a second separation. The reactive distillation system allows the hydrolysis of a methyl acetate solution to generate a first mixture and a second mixture. The reflux system is packed with a heterogeneous catalyst and coupled to the reactive distillation system, which refluxes the first mixture to the reactive distillation system. The first separation system is coupled to the reactive distillation system, which directs the second mixture thereinto so as to isolate an acetic acid and a third mixture therefrom. The second separation system is coupled to the first separation system, which directs the third mixture thereintio so as to separate a methanol therefrom. The methyl acetate feeding system is coupled to, one of the reactive distillation system and the reflux system, which feeds the methyl acetate solution thereinto.

Abstract: The trans-esterification system for trans-esterifying a triglyceride includes a reaction tank, a separation tank, a first pipe and a second pipe. The reaction tank is inputted with the triglyceride and a monohydric alcohol for undergoing a trans-esterification reaction to produce a mixture. The separation tank is inputted with the mixture for a phase separation to generate an ester phase solution and a glycerol phase solution having a first part and a second part. The first pipe connects the reaction tank and the separation tank, and transports the mixture from the reaction tank to the separation tank. The second pipe connects the reaction tank and the separation tank, and transports the first part of the glycerol phase solution from the separation tank to the reaction tank for undergoing the trans-esterification reaction.

Abstract: The system and method for producing diester are provided. The system includes a first distillation unit reacting a dicarboxylic acid with an alcohol to produce a first gaseous mixture, a first cooling unit connected to the first distillation unit and cooling the first gaseous mixture into a first liquid mixture, a second distillation unit connected to the first cooling unit and separating the first liquid mixture into a second gaseous mixture and a second liquid mixture, and a liquid-liquid extraction unit connected to the second distillation unit and separating the second liquid mixture into an aqueous-rich mixture and an organic-rich mixture from which the diester is obtained.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing esters from acid and alcohol and a system thereof are provided, wherein the system includes a reactive distillation column, a sidestream reactor packed with catalyst, and a decanter for conducting the method. The method is carried out by (a) extracting a first mixture of acid and alcohol from the reactive distillation column, for then feeding the first mixture to at least one sidestream reactor packed with catalyst to obtain a reaction product; (b) feeding the reaction product from the sidestream reactor to the reactive distillation column, allowing a second mixture of alcohol, ester and water to be separated from a top end of the reactive distillation column; (c) feeding the second mixture into the decanter to separate an organic phase from an aqueous phase; and (d) separating esters from the organic phase.

Abstract: The method and apparatus for improving the esterification procedure, in particular for improving the esterification procedure to obtain an ester of low carbon number such as the ethyl acetate and the isopropyl acetate, are provided. By means of the provided method and apparatus, the conversion ratio of the esterification procedure is significantly increased and hence an ester product of a relatively high purity, up to the industrial specification, is obtained.

Abstract: A transesterification process of methyl acetate is provided. The process comprises: (a) performing a first reactive distillation of a methyl acetate solution and a first alcohol to generate a first ester and a first mixture; (b) performing a first distillation of a first part of the first mixture to generate a second mixture; and (c) performing a second reactive distillation of a first part of the second mixture and a second alcohol to generate a second ester; wherein the respective one of the first and second alcohols is a limiting reagent. The transesterification process provided in the present invention could highly reduce the investing production cost of the transesterification of the by-product, methyl acetate, in the conventional polyvinyl alcohol plants.

Abstract: A transesterification process of methyl acetate is provided. The process comprises: (a) performing a first reactive distillation of a methyl acetate solution and a first alcohol to generate a first ester and a first mixture; (b) performing a first distillation of a first part of the first mixture to generate a second mixture; and (c) performing a second reactive distillation of a first part of the second mixture and a second alcohol to generate a second ester; wherein the respective one of the first and second alcohols is a limiting reagent. The transesterification process provided in the present invention could highly reduce the investing production cost of the transesterification of the by-product, methyl acetate, in the conventional polyvinyl alcohol plants.

Abstract: A separation system for a methyl acetate hydrolysis is provided. The separation system comprises a reactive distillation system, a reflux system, a first separation system and a second separation. The reactive distillation system allows the hydrolysis of a methyl acetate solution to generate a first mixture and a second mixture. The reflux system is packed with a heterogeneous catalyst and coupled to the reactive distillation system, which refluxes the first mixture to the reactive distillation system. The first separation system is coupled to the reactive distillation system, which directs the second mixture thereinto so as to isolate an acetic acid and a third mixture therefrom. The second separation system is coupled to the first separation system, which directs the third mixture thereintio so as to separate a methanol therefrom. The methyl acetate feeding system is coupled to, one of the reactive distillation system and the reflux system, which feeds the methyl acetate solution thereinto.

Abstract: A tooling frame with an ability to adhere to tin is disclosed, which is a frame structure used to support a circuit board passing through a stannic furnace to be soldered. The tooling frame is characterized in that a tin adhesive apparatus having a tin adhesive material is mounted at an appropriate location of the tooling frame so as to suck surplus tin on said circuit board both after the circuit board is transported through the stannic furnace for tin filling and during tin shedding and to improve quality of soldering.

Abstract: A tooling frame with an ability to adhere to tin is disclosed, which is a frame structure used to support a circuit board passing through a stannic furnace to be soldered. The tooling frame is characterized in that a tin adhesive apparatus having a tin adhesive material is mounted at an appropriate location of the tooling frame so as to suck surplus tin on said circuit board both after the circuit board is transported through the stannic furnace for tin filling and during tin shedding and to improve quality of soldering.

Abstract: In the first option of the present invention, a semiconductor structure is provided and an overlying titanium nitride barrier layer is deposited thereon at about 100° C. At least Al and Cu is sputtered over the titanium nitride barrier layer from about 270 to 300° C. to form an Al—Cu alloy containing metal layer. The sputtered Al—Cu alloy containing metal layer is promptly cooled at a cooling rate greater than about 100° C./minute to a temperature below 200° C. to form a Al—Cu alloy containing metal layer having minimal CuAl2 grain growth. The semiconductor structure is removed from the cooling chamber and the semiconductor structure is processed further below 200° C. to form semiconductor device precursors. In the second option of the present invention, a semiconductor structure having an overlying barrier layer is provided.

Abstract: A new method is provided to replace tungsten plugs for wafers that trigger the WCVD backside alarm. In this new rework process, the original TiN glue layer is sputter etched back and a new (“fresh”) 100-Angstrom thick layer of TiN is deposited. The new tungsten plug is created over the top surface of the refreshed glue layer.

Abstract: A new method is provided for the creation of layers of dielectric that are used for metal stack interconnect layers where the metal stack exceeds five layers. A stack of five layers of metal interconnect lines contains one layer of Intra Metal dielectric (ILD) and four layers of Inter Metal dielectric (IMD). One or more of the layers of IMD can be formed in the conventional method. One or more of the layers of IMD can be formed in the conventional method after which a layer of high compressive PECVD is deposited over this one or more layers of IMD. The layer of high compressive PECVD provides a crack resistant film that eliminates the formation of cracks in the surface of the IMD.