Abstract: A thin film transistor includes a substrate, a semiconductor layer, a gate insulating layer, a gate, a source and a drain. The semiconductor layer is located above the substrate. The gate insulating layer is located above the semiconductor layer. The gate is located above the gate insulating layer and overlapping with the semiconductor layer. The gate includes a first portion, a second portion and a third portion. The first portion is extending along the surface of the gate insulating layer and directly in contact with the gate insulating layer. The second portion is separated from the gate insulating layer. Taking the surface of the gate insulating layer as a reference, the top surface of the second portion is higher than the top surface of the first portion. The third portion connects the first portion to the second portion. The source and the drain are electrically connected to the semiconductor layer.

Abstract: A golf club head alloy includes 7-9.5 wt % of aluminum, 0.5-2 wt % of vanadium, 0.05-0.4 wt % of silicon, less than 0.4 wt % of iron, less than 0.15 wt % of oxygen, less than 0.1 wt % of carbon, less than 0.05 wt % of nitrogen, with the rest being titanium. The golf club head alloy has a density of 4.32-4.35 g/cm3. A method uses the golf club head alloy to produce a sheet material for a club head striking plate. The method includes smelting the golf club head alloy into a titanium alloy rod, and repeatedly heating the titanium alloy rod and forging the titanium alloy rod into a flat blank. The flat blank is hot rolled to form a thin blank, wherein the flat blank has a reduction ratio of 70-75%. The thin blank is cold rolled into an alloy sheet material, and the alloy sheet material is annealed to form a sheet material for a club head striking plate.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a high-strength titanium alloy golf club head part includes making at least one golf club head part with a titanium alloy. The golf club head part is then heated to a temperature higher than a critical temperature of generating martensite and maintained above the critical temperature not more than thirty minutes. The golf club head part is then cooled to a temperature below the critical temperature at a cooling rate higher than 10° C./s. Next, the golf club head part is heated to a heat-treatment temperature higher than 450° C. and maintained at the heat-treatment temperature at least one hour. The golf club head part is then cooled to room temperature. The mechanical characteristics of a golf club head formed by the golf club head part are enhanced.

Abstract: A golf club head including a head body and a striking plate is provided. The head body has an opening. The striking plate having a striking surface includes a plate body and at least a low-elastic-modulus region. The plate body disposed at the opening has a first surface exposed to the outside. The low-elastic-modulus region disposed in the plate body has a second surface exposed to the outside. The striking surface is composed of the first surface and the second surface. The elastic modulus of the low-elastic-modulus region is smaller than that of the plate body. A method of fabricating a striking plate is also provided.

Abstract: A golf club head including a head body and a striking plate is provided. The head body has an opening. The striking plate is disposed at the opening and has a striking surface. The striking plate includes a first crystallization phase region and at least a second crystallization phase region. The second crystallization phase region is located in the first crystallization phase region. The second crystallization phase region extends from the striking surface to an interior of the striking plate. The elastic modulus of the second crystallization phase region is smaller than that of the first crystallization phase region.

Abstract: A low-density alloy for a golf club head includes 84 wt %-94 wt % of Ti, 6.5 wt %-9.5 wt % of Al, and/or V less than 1.5 wt %, providing a Ti—Al—V-based alloy having a density smaller than 4.40 g/cm3. Trace elements such as Mo, Cr, Fe, Si, and B may be added into the Ti—Al—V-based alloy to provide a titanium alloy having a low density and high elongation.

Abstract: A golf club head includes a golf club head body and a striking plate. A surface of the golf club head body and the striking plate has at least one surface-modified portion processed by a high-energy treating apparatus that has a luminous energy adjustment device. A defocused high-energy beam generated from the high-energy treating apparatus penetrates through the luminous energy adjustment device and projects on a predetermined portion of the golf club head that possesses different mechanical characteristics than other portions. A surface modifying method for the golf club head include the steps of: providing a high-energy treating apparatus with a luminous energy adjustment device; and projecting a defocused high-energy beam transmitted from the luminous energy adjustment device on the predetermined portion of the golf club head to form at least one surface-modified portion.