Abstract: A semiconductor structure includes: a first semiconductor die or wafer including a first bonding crack detection structure portion including discrete bonding crack detection structure portions that are electrically isolated, and a second semiconductor die or wafer bonded to the first semiconductor die, the second semiconductor die or wafer including a second bonding crack detection structure portion including discrete bonding crack detection structure portions that are electrically isolated, wherein the first bonding crack detection structure portion and the second bonding crack detection structure portion are bonded together to form a bonding crack detection structure.

Abstract: A method including transmitting an intensity-modulated light through a mode conditioner to generate a mode-conditioned intensity-modulated light in one or a plurality of launch conditions and transmitting the mode-conditioned intensity-modulated light through a multimode optical fiber under test (FUT) to excite a plurality of modes of the FUT. The method further includes converting the mode-conditioned intensity-modulated light transmitted through the FUT into an electrical signal, measuring, based on the electrical signal, a complex transfer function CTF(f) of the FUT, and obtaining an output pulse based on the measured complex transfer function CTF(f) from one or a plurality of launch conditions and an assumed input pulse using the equation: Pout(t)=?1(CTF(ƒ)*(Pin(t))). Wherein, Pout(t) is the output pulse, ?1(CTF(ƒ)*(Pin(t))) is the inverse Fourier transform of the function CTF(f)*(Pin(t)), and (Pin(t)) is the Fourier transform of the assumed input pulse.

Abstract: A method of forming a multicore fiber comprises the steps of drilling a plurality of holes in a soot blank, inserting a plurality of graphite rods into the plurality of holes to form a soot preform assembly, consolidating the soot preform assembly in a high temperature furnace to form a glass preform assembly, removing the plurality of graphite rods from the glass preform assembly to form a solid glass preform containing multiple holes, inserting a plurality of glass core canes into the holes to form a multicore preform, placing the multicore preform in a draw furnace, and drawing multicore fiber from the multicore preform.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure relate to an optical fiber. The optical fiber includes a glass core and a glass cladding surrounding the glass core. The glass cladding defines a glass diameter of the optical fiber. A primary coating surrounds the glass cladding, and the primary coating has a first elastic modulus and a first thickness. A secondary coating surrounds the primary coating, and the secondary coating has a second elastic modulus and a second thickness. The second elastic modulus is greater than the first elastic modulus, and the second thickness is as thick or thicker than the first thickness. The optical fiber has an outer surface defining a fiber diameter in a range from 160 microns to 175 microns. The glass diameter of the optical fiber is in a range from 100 microns to 130 microns.

Abstract: A fiber to waveguide coupler is provided that includes an optical fiber having a core and a cladding. One end of the optical fiber is tapered and has a non-circular cross-section. The optical fiber defines a stripped portion to expose the at least one substantially flat surface of the fiber. A waveguide is configured to be evanescently coupled with the exposed at least one substantially flat surface of the fiber.

Abstract: A semiconductor includes a first substrate having a device region and a ring region surrounding the device region, a first interconnect structure over the first substrate, the first interconnect structure including a first via tower and a second via tower, a first bonding layer over the first interconnect structure and including a first metal bonding feature, a second bonding layer over the first bonding layer and including a second metal bonding feature in contact with the first metal bonding feature, and a second interconnect structure over the second bonding layer and including a third via tower extending through the second interconnect structure and disposed directly over the ring region. The first via tower is electrically coupled to the second via tower by a first metal line. The first via tower is electrically coupled to the third via tower by the first metal bonding feature and the second metal bonding feature.

Abstract: An optical fiber including: (1) a first outer cladding region including a no-slope portion establishing a 0% baseline (?0); (2) a core region surrounded by the first outer cladding region, the core region including (i) an outer radius (r1) from 4.0 ?m to 6.5 ?m and (ii) a maximum relative refractive index (?1max) from 0.3% to 0.6%, the core region exhibiting an ? value of 5 or greater; and (3) a depressed index cladding region surrounding the core region and surrounded by the first outer cladding region, the depressed index cladding region including (i) an outer radius (r3) from 14 ?m to 28 ?m, (ii) a relative refractive index (?3) from ?0.45% to ?0.30%, and (iii) a trench volume (VT) from 65%-?m2 to 140%-?m2. The optical fiber exhibits lower LP01 bending loss than LP11 bending loss at operating wavelengths in the O- and C-bands.

Abstract: A method including transmitting an intensity-modulated light through a mode conditioner to generate a mode-conditioned intensity-modulated light in one or a plurality of launch conditions and transmitting the mode-conditioned intensity-modulated light through a multimode optical fiber under test (FUT) to excite a plurality of modes of the FUT. The method further includes converting the mode-conditioned intensity-modulated light transmitted through the FUT into an electrical signal, measuring, based on the electrical signal, a complex transfer function CTF(f) of the FUT, and obtaining an output pulse based on the measured complex transfer function CTF(f) from one or a plurality of launch conditions and an assumed input pulse using the equation: Pout (t)=?1(CTF(f)*(Pin(t))). Wherein, Pout (t) is the output pulse, ?1(CTF(f)*(Pin(t))) is the inverse Fourier transform of the function CTF(f)*(Pin (t)), and (Pin(t)) is the Fourier transform of the assumed input pulse.

Abstract: An optical fiber that includes a silica core and a cladding surrounding the core is disclosed, the optical fiber having a low attenuation. In embodiments, the optical fiber has an attenuation at 1550 nm of about 0.1420 dB/km. Furthermore, the diameter of the core may be larger than a fundamental mode field diameter of the optical fiber at a wavelength of 1550 nm. In embodiments, the core is doped with an alkali dopant.

Abstract: A rollable optical fiber ribbon utilizing low attenuation, bend insensitive fibers and cables incorporating such rollable ribbons are provided. The optical fibers are supported by a ribbon body, and the ribbon body is formed from a flexible material such that the optical fibers are reversibly movable from an unrolled position to a rolled position. The optical fibers have a large mode filed diameter, such as ?9 microns at 1310 nm facilitating low attenuation splicing/connectorization. The optical fibers are also highly bend insensitive, such as having a macrobend loss of ?0.5 dB/turn at 1550 nm for a mandrel diameter of 15 mm.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are embodiments of an illuminator for disinfecting a surface. The surface defines a first plane. The illuminator includes a line emitter configured to emit light in a continuous line along at least a portion of at least one edge of the surface. The light has a peak wavelength in a range of 100 nm to 400 nm. The illuminator also includes a curved reflector surface and an exit aperture defining a second plane transverse to the first plane. The line emitter is positioned between the curved reflector surface and the exit aperture, and the curved reflector surface is configured to redirect the light from the line emitter through the exit aperture across the surface.

Abstract: A method of forming an optical fiber, the method including heating a forming region of the optical fiber preform within a pressure device while exposing the forming region to a total pressure of about 500 atm or greater, directing the optical fiber preform in a downstream direction along a process pathway to form the optical fiber, and traversing the optical fiber through an aperture of a nozzle to maintain the total pressure of about 500 atm or greater within the pressure device.

Abstract: A modal-conditioning, single-mode fiber generally includes a core portion and a cladding portion. The core portion includes a core and an inner cladding. The core comprises an outer radius r1 and a maximum relative refractive index ?1max. The inner cladding comprises an outer radius r2 and a relative refractive index ?2. The cladding portion surrounds the core portion and includes a low-index trench surrounding the inner cladding. The low-index trench includes an outer radius r3 and a minimum relative refractive index ?3min. The radius r2 of the inner cladding may be greater than 12 ?m and ?1max>?2>?3min. The fiber comprises a mode field diameter MFD greater than or equal to 12 ?m and less than or equal to 16 ?m at a wavelength of 1310 nm and a 30 mm diameter bend loss of less than or equal to 0.5 dB/turn at 1310 nm.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a multicore optical fiber connector adapter includes at least one multicore optical fiber stub that includes a plurality of optical cores, each optical core having an inner core and an outer core, a fiber coupling section having a first diameter, wherein the cores have a first pitch at the fiber coupling section, a multicore fiber coupling section having a second diameter that is less than the first diameter, wherein the cores have a second pitch at the multicore fiber coupling section that is less than the first pitch, and a taper section between the fiber coupling section and the multicore fiber coupling section. The multicore optical fiber connector adapter further includes at least one multicore ferrule comprising a passageway, a multicore connector, a plurality of optical fibers, and a multi-fiber ferrule.

Abstract: An optical system, comprising: (i) multiple input optical fibers; (ii) an optical mode multiplexer/demultiplexer coupled to said input optical fibers with, said optical mode multiplexer/demultiplexer comprising a plurality of metamaterial structures having length and forming at least one stage of metamaterials, the at least one stage of metamaterials is being situated on a surface of the optical mode multiplexer/demultiplexer facing the input optical fibers, and the at least one stage of metamaterials is oriented at angles between 60 and 120 degrees relative to the axis of the input fibers; and the metasurfaces are structured to receive a first optical signal having a first mode from at least one of said multiple input optical fibers and convert the first mode to a different mode.

Abstract: Systems and methods of configuring multicore optical fibers (30) to bidirectionally link optical transceivers (20). A bidirectional optical link (10) includes first and second optical transceivers (20), each including a transmitter optical port and a receiver optical port. The transmitter optical port of each optical transceiver (20) is operatively connected to the receiver optical port of the other optical transceiver (20) by a respective core (16) of a multicore optical fiber (30). The multicore optical fiber (30) is configured so that the optical signals propagating through the cores (16) of the multicore optical fiber (30) are travelling in opposite directions.

Abstract: The optical fibers disclosed have single mode and few mode optical transmission for VCSEL-based optical fiber transmission systems. The optical fibers have a cable cutoff wavelength ?C of equal to or below 1260 nm thereby defining single mode operation at a wavelength in a first wavelength range greater than 1260 nm and few-mode operation at a wavelength in a second wavelength range from 970 nm and 1070 nm. The mode-field diameter is in the range from 9.3 microns to 10.9 microns at 1550 nm. The optical fibers have an overfilled bandwidth OFL BW of 1 GHz·km to 3 GHz·km at the at least one wavelength in the second wavelength range. VCSEL based optical transmission systems and methods are disclosed that utilize both single core and multicore versions of the optical fiber.

Abstract: A hollow-core optical fiber including from 5 to 8 spaced apart cladding elements defining a hollow-core region, each including (a) a first capillary and (b) a second capillary disposed within the first capillary. For each of the cladding elements, (i) the second capillary is offset from the first capillary by an angle within a range of from 20 degrees to 120 degrees and (ii) a ratio of an outer diameter of the second capillary to an outer diameter of the first capillary is within a range of from 0.47 to 0.85. The hollow-core optical fiber exhibits confinement loss of less than 0.056 dB/km for electromagnetic radiation of 850 nm, less than 0.028 dB/km for electromagnetic radiation of 1310 nm, less than 0.204 dB/km for electromagnetic radiation of 1550 nm, and less than 0.016 dB/km for electromagnetic radiation of 2400 nm.

Abstract: An optical fiber includes a glass core, a glass cladding surrounding and in direct contact with the glass core, and a coating surrounding and in direct contact with the glass cladding. The coating includes three layers, a first high-modulus coating layer having a Young's modulus greater than 500 MPa, a second high-modulus coating layer having a Young's modulus greater than 500 MPa, and a low-modulus coating layer having a Young's modulus between about 0.20 MPa and 5 MPa. The coating may have the first high-modulus coating layer as the inner layer, the low-modulus coating layer as the intermediate layer, and the second high-modulus coating layer as the outer layer. Alternatively, the coating may have the low-modulus coating layer as the inner layer, first high-modulus coating layer as the intermediate layer, and the second high-modulus coating layer as the outer layer.

Abstract: Methods of forming a bandwidth-tuned optical fiber for short-length data transmission systems include establishing a relationship between a change ?? in a modal delay ?, a change ?T in a draw tension T and a change ?? in a BM wavelength ? of light in a BM wavelength range from 840 nm and 1100 nm for a test optical fiber drawn from a preform and that supports BM operation at the BM wavelength. The methods also include drawing from either the preform or a closely related preform the bandwidth-tuned optical fiber by setting the draw tension based on the established relationships of the aforementioned parameters so that the bandwidth-tuned optical fiber has a target bandwidth greater than 2 GHz·km at a target wavelength within the BM wavelength range.