Abstract: An LED lead frame assembly includes a circuit strip assembly, a plastic dam member overmolded onto the circuit strip assembly and a LED chip assembly disposed in a pocket of the plastic dam member. The LED chip assembly is electrically coupled to the circuit strip assembly to power the LED chip assembly.

Abstract: A differential amplifier and a method thereof are described. The method, adopted by a differential amplifier, includes: generating first stage differential output signals based on input differential signals; providing, by a current source, a bias current with a desired quiescent current; biasing first and second control transistors with the bias current to generate first and second currents, respectively, wherein the first and second control transistors form a differential pair which receives first stage differential input signals; mirroring the first and second currents to first and second push transistors which are connected to first and second pull transistors in series, respectively; and biasing the first and second pull transistors with the mirrored first and second currents, respectively; wherein each pair of serial connected push and pull transistors are complimentary and the two pairs of push and pull transistors output second stage differential output signals.

Abstract: An LED lead frame assembly includes a circuit strip assembly, a plastic dam member overmoulded onto the circuit strip assembly and a LED chip assembly disposed in a pocket of the plastic dam member. The LED chip assembly is electrically coupled to the circuit strip assembly to power the LED chip assembly.

Abstract: A differential amplifier and a method thereof are described. The method, adopted by a differential amplifier, includes: generating first stage differential output signals based on input differential signals; providing, by a current source, a bias current with a desired quiescent current; biasing first and second control transistors with the bias current to generate first and second currents, respectively, wherein the first and second control transistors form a differential pair which receives first stage differential input signals; mirroring the first and second currents to first and second push transistors which are connected to first and second pull transistors in series, respectively; and biasing the first and second pull transistors with the mirrored first and second currents, respectively; wherein each pair of serial connected push and pull transistors are complimentary and the two pairs of push and pull transistors output second stage differential output signals.

Abstract: An LED-based lighting assembly includes a heat sink having at least one pedestal with an upwardly facing, upper planar surface that is raised in a vertical direction relative to an upwardly facing, lower planar surface of the heat sink. A PCB forms an aperture corresponding to the pedestal, includes electrical conductors on an upper surface thereof, and is attached to the lower planar surface. The upper planar surface extends into the aperture, and one or more LED chips attach directly to the upper planar surface and connect to the conductors such that light emits upwardly. A method of integrating LEDs with a heat sink includes mounting a PCB to a planar surface of the heat sink, mounting one or more LED chips to a raised surface of the heat sink that is not covered by the PCB, and electrically connecting the LED chips to conductors on the PCB.

Abstract: An LED-based lighting assembly includes a heat sink having at least one pedestal with an upwardly facing, upper planar surface that is raised in a vertical direction relative to an upwardly facing, lower planar surface of the heat sink. A PCB forms an aperture corresponding to the pedestal, includes electrical conductors on an upper surface thereof, and is attached to the lower planar surface. The upper planar surface extends into the aperture, and one or more LED chips attach directly to the upper planar surface and connect to the conductors such that light emits upwardly. A method of integrating LEDs with a heat sink includes mounting a PCB to a planar surface of the heat sink, mounting one or more LED chips to a raised surface of the heat sink that is not covered by the PCB, and electrically connecting the LED chips to conductors on the PCB.

Abstract: An LED-based lighting assembly includes a heat sink having at least one pedestal with an upwardly facing, upper planar surface that is raised in a vertical direction relative to an upwardly facing, lower planar surface of the heat sink. A PCB forms an aperture corresponding to the pedestal, includes electrical conductors on an upper surface thereof, and is attached to the lower planar surface. The upper planar surface extends into the aperture, and one or more LED chips attach directly to the upper planar surface and connect to the conductors such that light emits upwardly. A method of integrating LEDs with a heat sink includes mounting a PCB to a planar surface of the heat sink, mounting one or more LED chips to a raised surface of the heat sink that is not covered by the PCB, and electrically connecting the LED chips to conductors on the PCB.

Abstract: The present invention relates to valve current control method based on modular multi-level converter, this method includes the control of the low frequency oscillations of the current and that of double frequency harmonic component; For said low frequency oscillations of the current, the control method includes some steps as below: first, calculate the half of the sum of the upper arm current and the lower arm current, it is the valve DC current component, said DC current component is arm circulating current; Secondly, comparing the actual value of the arm circulating current to setting value of that, the error is obtained, after some signal processing, additional output set voltage is obtained.

Abstract: A management apparatus and a management method manage a plurality of albums. The management apparatus may include: a storing module which stores related information of photographs included in the plurality of albums; and an updating module which update the related information of photographs stored in the storing module according to copy, move or deletion of a photograph. The management apparatus may further include: an extracting module which in response to the user's request for displaying, copying, moving or sharing a photograph or an album, accesses an album which stores the photograph or the album requested by the user, so as to extract the photograph or album requested by the user.

Abstract: A network communication system and method make communication and information sharing more convenient and efficient. The A system includes an account information management module and an account information storage module. The account information management module stores the friend accounts of the user and the corresponding account information. The account information storage module analyzes the account information of the friend accounts, and makes a determination according to the network account information contained in the account information such that the friend accounts belonging to the same friend are added to the same account group.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel one-step process for preparing an aqueous polymer dispersion by the free radical aqueous emulsion polymerization comprising mixing at least water, a dispersant, and an oil-soluble initiator; raising a temperature from the starting to the end reaction temperature while metering at least ethylenically unsaturated monomers and a water-soluble initiator into a reaction vessel, conducting polymerization of the monomers in the presence of the water-soluble initiator at a temperature up to the end reaction temperature, and when the temperature has reached the end reaction temperature, conducting polymerization by the oil-soluble initiator. The oil-soluble initiator is inactive at the starting reaction temperature and becomes more active as a temperature approaches the end reaction temperature at which the oil-soluble initiator is fully active.

Abstract: A process for preparing an aqueous polyamide dispersion by enzyme-catalyzed polycondensation reaction of a diamine compound and a dicarboxylic acid compound in aqueous medium.

Abstract: A process for preparing an aqueous polymer dispersion, in which, in an aqueous medium, in a first reaction stage, a hydroxycarboxylic acid compound is reacted in the presence of an enzyme and of a dispersant, and also, if appropriate, of a low water solubility organic solvent and/or of an ethylenically unsaturated monomer, to give a polyester, and thereafter, in the presence of the polyester, in a second reaction stage, an ethylenically unsaturated monomer is free-radically polymerized.

Abstract: A process for preparing an aqueous polymer dispersion, in which, in an aqueous medium, in a first reaction stage, a diamine compound and a dicarboxylic acid compound are reacted in the presence of an enzyme and of a dispersant, and also, if appropriate, of a low water solubility organic solvent and/or of an ethylenically unsaturated monomer, to give a polyamide, and thereafter, in the presence of the polyamide, in a second reaction stage, an ethylenically unsaturated monomer is free-radically polymerized.

Abstract: A process for preparing an aqueous polymer dispersion, in which, in an aqueous medium, in a first reaction stage, a diol compound and a dicarboxylic acid compound are reacted in the presence of an enzyme and of a dispersant, and also, if appropriate, of a low water solubility organic solvent and/or of an ethylenically unsaturated monomer, to give a polyester, and thereafter, in the presence of the polyester, in a second reaction stage, an ethylenically unsaturated monomer is free-radically polymerized.

Abstract: A process for preparing an aqueous polyamide dispersion by hydrolase-catalyzed reaction of an aminocarboxylic acid compound in aqueous medium.

Abstract: A process for preparing an aqueous polymer dispersion, in which, in an aqueous medium, in a first reaction stage, an aminocarboxylic acid compound is reacted in the presence of a hydrolase and of a dispersant, and, if appropriate, of an ethylenically unsaturated monomer and/or of a low water solubility organic solvent to give a polyamide and thereafter, in the presence of the polyamide, in a second reaction stage an ethylenically unsaturated monomer is free-radically polymerized.

Abstract: An aqueous polymer dispersion is prepared by free radical aqueous emulsion polymerization of at least one ethylenically unsaturated compound (monomer) in the presence of at least one dispersant and at least one water-soluble and one oil-soluble free radical initiator by a process in which the polymerization temperature increases from the starting reaction temperature TS to the end reaction temperature TE in the course of the polymerization reaction.

Abstract: Organic aerogel microspheres which can be used in capacitors, batteries, thermal insulation, adsorption/filtration media, and chromatographic packings, having diameters ranging from about 1 micron to about 3 mm. The microspheres can be pyrolyzed to form carbon aerogel microspheres. This method involves stirring the aqueous organic phase in mineral oil at elevated temperature until the dispersed organic phase polymerizes and forms nonsticky gel spheres. The size of the microspheres depends on the collision rate of the liquid droplets and the reaction rate of the monomers from which the aqueous solution is formed. The collision rate is governed by the volume ratio of the aqueous solution to the mineral oil and the shear rate, while the reaction rate is governed by the chemical formulation and the curing temperature.