Abstract: Provided is a method of fabricating an electronic circuit including providing a copper ion solution. The copper ion solution includes a source of copper (II) ions, L-ascorbic acid, and water. The copper ion solution is applied on a substrate to form a coating layer. A heat source is provided to locally heat the coating layer to react copper ions in the coating layer to form copper conductive patterns.

Abstract: A method for detecting an undesired connection forming a short circuit on a printed circuit board (PCB) based on an original image of the PCB includes steps of: performing binarization on the original image to generate a binary image that has an external boundary; determining, on the binary image, a trace area that corresponds to a trace of the PCB; determining whether the trace area contacts the external boundary of the binary image at four places; and determining that the trace that corresponds to the trace area has an undesired connection forming a short circuit when it is determined that the trace area contacts the external boundary of the binary image at four places.

Abstract: A machine tool includes a table, a main shaft, and an electric heating piece. The table includes an upright post and a main shaft support element connected to the upright post. The main shaft is rotatably disposed at the main shaft support element of the table. The electric heating piece is disposed at the main shaft support element of the table and positioned on a side of the main shaft, wherein the side of the main shaft manifests a lower thermal deformation level. The regulation of the electric heating piece minimizes the nonlinear thermal deformation of the main shaft, thereby enhancing processing precision.

Abstract: A controllable capillary pump utilizing groupings of capillary tubes. Since individual capillary tubes produce different flow rates depending on their diameter, length and cross-sectional shape, it is possible to control the flow rate by providing different groups of capillary tubes. These groups may be included on a rotating cylinder so that a selection may be made merely by rotating the cylinder.