Abstract: A method for data set migration, implemented in a network device is disclosed. The method includes receiving a request at a network device to migrate a data set, and sending a signaling packet from a first data center toward a first in a series of circuit switching devices to reach a second data center, where the signaling packet includes metadata containing transmission selection and characteristics of the data set, where the signaling packet is processed through the series, each of which configures its forwarding path based at least on the metadata of the signaling packet. The method continues with waiting for a period long enough to allow each of the series to configure its forwarding path, where that circuit switching device releases the configured forwarding path after the migration duration. The method continues with sending the data set following the transmission selection of the signaling packet after the period expires.

Abstract: A method and management node for deciding ports suitable to be communicatively connected to each other in a communications network. The communications network comprises an available port communicatively connected to the communications network, and a discovered port that is discovered as being communicatively connected to the communications network. The management node obtains Information associating at least the available port and the discovered port with respective one or more attributes and with a respective attribute identifier identifying the respective one or more attributes. The management node receives, from a port discovering network node, a message comprising the attribute identifier associated with the discovered port. The management node decides that the available port is suitable to be communicatively connected with the discovered port based on that the respective one or more attributes are considered matching.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are disclosed for performing a spectrum assignment and route selection algorithm in an optical WDM network. The optical WDM is assigned an optical band of frequencies. In accordance to the present invention, a new spectrum assignment in the optical band always adjoins a spectrum assignment previously allocated. The very first spectrum assignment may be made to start with one end frequency in the optical band. Given a spectrum demand, one or more spectrum assignments are identified and one or more feasible routes are determined. Among the one or more feasible routes, an optimal route may be selected based on a set of pre-defined criteria. The spectrum assignment and route selection algorithm disclosed herein reduces computational complexities and improves spectrum efficiencies.

Abstract: Example embodiments presented herein are directed towards an optical testing node, and method therein, for establishing transmission parameters for optical communications in an iterative manner. The establishment of the transmission parameters may comprise adjusting various parameters such as a modulation scheme, a light path length, and/or a spectral width.

Abstract: A method implemented for network function placement is disclosed. The method optimizes network function placement for each traffic flow, to minimize the overall inter-pod traffic volume. For each traffic flow going through a data center, the method initiates a pod list. The network functions of the traffic flow is sorted in a descending order by resource demanded. Then one network function is selected one at a time according to the descending order. For each network function, the pods in the pod list is sorted in an ascending order by resource available in each pod. The method selects a first pod for the network function when possible. When no pod in the pod list has enough resource for the network function, the method adds a pod with the most available resource from a pod pool to the pod list, and selects the added pod for the network function.

Abstract: A method for automatic topology discovery implemented in a wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) network is disclosed. The WDM network contains a number of wavelength switching devices, and the method starts with selecting an unassigned wavelength between a pair of wavelength switching devices. For a first port of a first wavelength switching device, a pass through state is configured between the first port and a coupling port of the first wavelength switching device, and a first probing signal is sent at the unassigned wavelength to the first wavelength switching device. The method continues with detecting iteratively the first probing signal at the unassigned wavelength through each of a set of ports of a second wavelength switching device during a time period, and recording a connection between the first port of the first wavelength switching device and a port of the second wavelength switching devices when the first probing signal is detected.

Abstract: A system implementing an optical steering domain that steers traffic flows through a plurality of processing nodes is described. The system includes a first, second, and third wavelength selective switch (WSS). The first WSS receives the traffic flows, and transmits traffic flows out a plurality of tributary ports toward the processing nodes. The second WSS receives the processed traffic from the processing nodes, and sends it to a third WSS. The third WSS receives the processed traffic from the second WSS, and causes the processed traffic requiring further processing to be transmitted out its third plurality of tributary ports to be looped back toward the plurality of processing nodes, and causes the processed traffic that does not require further processing to be transmitted by a different tributary port of the third WSS that is an exit port leading out of the optical steering domain.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an assembly for use in detecting an analyte in a sample based on thin-film spectral interference. The assembly comprises a waveguide, a monolithic substrate optically coupled to the waveguide, and a thin-film layer directly bonded to the sensing side of the monolithic substrate. The refractive index of the monolithic substrate is higher than the refractive index of the transparent material of the thin-film layer. A spectral interference between the light reflected into the waveguide from a first reflecting surface and a second reflecting surface varies as analyte molecules in a sample bind to the analyte binding molecules coated on the thin-film layer.

Abstract: A reverse osmosis negative-ion water dispenser comprising a polypropylene filter element, a granular active carbon filter element and a compressed active carbon filter element inside a housing; a low pressure switch, a booster pump, an inlet solenoid valve, an RO filter bottle, an RO membrane and two water outlets for concentrated water and pure water respectively are also provided, wherein the water outlet for concentrated water is connected with a flush solenoid valve and a waste water proportioner assembly, the water outlet for pure water is connected with a storage tank through a high pressure switch and a float switch; the storage tank is provided with a high-low level three-line water level switch and connected to a combined hot and cold exchange tank. A negative-ion generating device comprising a solenoid valve, a fast heating equipment and a negative-ion filter device is provided to generate negative-ion.

Abstract: A method for automatic topology discovery implemented in a wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) network is disclosed. The WDM network contains a number of wavelength switching devices, and the method starts with selecting an unassigned wavelength between a pair of wavelength switching devices. For a first port of a first wavelength switching device, a pass through state is configured between the first port and a coupling port of the first wavelength switching device, and a first probing signal is sent at the unassigned wavelength to the first wavelength switching device. The method continues with detecting iteratively the first probing signal at the unassigned wavelength through each of a set of ports of a second wavelength switching device during a time period, and recording a connection between the first port of the first wavelength switching device and a port of the second wavelength switching devices when the first probing signal is detected.

Abstract: A multi-path provisioning scheme is provided to ensure full protection while reducing or minimizing resource overbuild. A signal to be provisioned is divided at a source node into a plurality of sub-signals that are independently routed from the source node to a destination node. Bandwidth for back-up traffic B is allocated in addition to bandwidth for primary traffic T. In some embodiments, the initial bandwidth B of the backup traffic equals the bandwidth of the primary traffic. The T+B traffic is initially distributed so that no link carries more than B traffic. The traffic distribution pattern is then iteratively revised to reduce the bandwidth requirements for the backup traffic while still meeting requirements for protection.

Abstract: A remote node, e.g., a client-side node or a service-side node, writes wavelength information into an overhead message of a packet carried by an optical signal when an optical port associated with the remote node is deployed. The overhead message explicitly identifies the wavelength channel associated with the newly deployed optical port to a hub node in a WDM optical network. The hub node identifies the new wavelength channel associated with the newly deployed optical port based on the overhead message to enable the hub node to associate the new wavelength channel with the newly deployed optical port.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an assembly for use in detecting an analyte in a sample based on thin-film spectral interference. The assembly comprises a waveguide, a monolithic substrate optically coupled to the waveguide, and a thin-film layer directly bonded to the sensing side of the monolithic substrate. The refractive index of the monolithic substrate is higher than the refractive index of the transparent material of the thin-film layer. A spectral interference between the light reflected into the waveguide from a first reflecting surface and a second reflecting surface varies as analyte molecules in a sample bind to the analyte binding molecules coated on the thin-film layer.

Abstract: Embodiments herein include a resilient add-drop module for use in one of multiple access subnetwork nodes forming an access subnetwork ring. The module comprises a dual-arm passive optical filter and a cyclic arrayed waveguide grating (AWG). The dual-arm passive optical filter is configured to resiliently drop any wavelength channels within a fixed band uniquely allocated to the access subnetwork node from either arm of the access subnetwork ring and to resiliently add any wavelength channels within the fixed band to both arms of the access subnetwork ring. The cyclic AWG is correspondingly configured to demultiplex wavelength channels dropped by the dual-arm filter and to multiplex wavelength channels to be added by the dual-arm filter. Configured in this way, the module in at least some embodiments advantageously reduces the complexity and accompanying cost of nodes in an optical network, while also providing resilience against fiber and node failures.

Abstract: This invention relates to a cartridge for an immunoassay test. The cartridge comprises (a) a probe well comprising a probe and a cap, the cap being in a closed position to enclose the probe in the probe well, wherein the probe has a bottom tip coated with analyte-binding molecules, (b) a sample well to receive a sample, (c) one or more reagent wells, (d) a plurality of wash wells each containing a first aqueous solution, and (e) a measurement well having a light transmissive bottom, the measurement well containing a second aqueous solution, wherein the openings of the sample well, reagent well, measurement well and wash wells are sealed. The present invention also relates to an apparatus for loading and releasing a probe. The apparatus comprises a push pin and a groove to load and transfer the probe to a plurality of locations, such as different wells in the above-mentioned cartridge, to conduct the immunoassay test.

Abstract: A hub node in a wavelength division multiplexed optical network automatically discovers at least one of new client-side optical ports and new edge-side optical ports. The hub node comprises a wavelength switch network, port discovery equipment, and a controller. The wavelength switch network routes any wavelength channel that does not support a matching pair of client-side and edge-side ports to port discovery equipment at the hub node. The port discovery equipment searches for new ports, and, responsive to finding a new port, automatically discovers a predefined set of one or more attributes of the new port. The controller determines that a client-side port and an edge-side port are a matching pair of ports if discovered sets of attributes of those ports match according to one or more predefined rules. The controller then controls the wavelength switch network to re-route the wavelength channel supporting that matching pair between those ports.

Abstract: The example embodiments presented herein are directed towards an Optical Network Element, ONE, node (14), and corresponding method therein, for establishing multiple spectral routing in an optical transport network. The establishment of the multiple spectral routing features the use of a Split-Spectrum Label, SSL, (11) which comprises multiple definitions for spectral slots, where each definition has an absolute starting and an absolute ending frequency allocation.

Abstract: Example embodiments presented herein are directed towards an optical testing node, and method therein, for establishing transmission parameters for optical communications in an iterative manner. The establishment of the transmission parameters may comprise adjusting various parameters such as a modulation scheme, a light path length, and/or a spectral width.

Abstract: A pair of Toilet Rim and Seat Cleaning Tongs. This invention provides people with a convenient apparatus and a new method for cleaning the rim of a toilet bowl and the seat of a toilet. This apparatus consists of only three pieces of components, which are a gripping member, an opposite gripping member, and a slide knob. The opposite gripping member is mounted on the gripping member via a pivot. The opposite gripping member rotates around the pivot and works together with the gripping member to achieve clamping function. The steps on the apparatus are designed to raise handles above a cleaning surface. And slide knob is designed to dispose used toilet paper. There are four easy steps to complete a cleaning process using this apparatus, which are “Load Toilet Paper”, “Wrap and Clamp Toilet Paper”, “Clean Up”, and “Dispose Used Toilet Paper”.