Abstract: Particular embodiments generally relate to automatic routing of a bus in an integrated circuit design. In one embodiment, a method includes receiving a description of a circuit design. Buses are automatically detected based on pin adjacency in terms of distance between pins and routing layer of the pins. A bus routing area is determined by the bounding box of first group of source pins and a second group of destination pins. Bus routing guidance is then generated by an automatically search engine in the bus routing area. The bus routing guidance models a bus as a skinny wire with large spacing, and it does not violate design rules. Real bus wires are generated based on the bus guidance. A bus is then automatically routed between a first group of source pins and a second group of destination pins based on the bus routing guidance.

Abstract: Particular embodiments generally relate to automatic routing of a bus in an integrated circuit design. In one embodiment, a method includes receiving a description of a circuit design. Buses are automatically detected based on pin adjacency in terms of distance between pins and routing layer of the pins. A bus routing area is determined by the bounding box of first group of source pins and a second group of destination pins. Bus routing guidance is then generated by an automatically search engine in the bus routing area. The bus routing guidance models a bus as a skinny wire with large spacing, and it does not violate design rules. Real bus wires are generated based on the bus guidance. A bus is then automatically routed between a first group of source pins and a second group of destination pins based on the bus routing guidance.

Abstract: A method of preventing acoustic arc resonance (AAR) in a high frequency electronic ballast for a High-Intensity-Discharge (HID) lamp, includes the step of providing a phase modulated signal to the HID lamp, the phase modulated signal being provided by a pulse source working at a Pulse-Phase-Modulation (PPM) mode with a fixed frequency.

Abstract: A method of preventing acoustic arc resonance (AAR) in a high frequency electronic ballast for a High-Intensity-Discharge (HID) lamp, includes the step of providing a phase modulated signal to the HID lamp, the phase modulated signal being provided by a pulse source working at a Pulse-Phase-Modulation (PPM) mode with a fixed frequency.

Abstract: The electronic HID ballast includes a Pulse-Phase-Modulation (PPM) pulse source, a switch driver, a power switching circuit, a coupling circuit, a DC starter, a switch current amplitude feedback circuit and a switch current pulse width feedback circuit. The PPM pulse source works at PPM mode with a fixed frequency to prevent acoustic arc resonance, and uses pulse deduction method to protect the ballast from overload during the starting period. The PPM pulse source, the switch driver, the switch current amplitude feedback circuit and the power switching circuit work together, functioning as a constant power switching source to energize lamp through the coupling circuit. The power switching circuit and the lamp are in DC series connection for the open load protection. The coupling circuit uses parallel LRC loop to improve power coupling efficiency between the lamp and the power switching circuit. The DC starter works at the low igniting frequency to offer open circuit protection for the starter itself.

Abstract: A low cost, high efficiency electronic larger DC/smaller AC ballast for fluorescent lamps and other gas discharge devices uses fast react feedback and constant power sources to power a fluorescent lamp at a stable working point and to reduce the accuracy requirements of related components. An input-side chopper regulator provides a DC supply voltage. A voltage multiplier in combination with the input-side chopper smoothly and reliably starts the lamp, providing high voltage at low current during startup, and minimal loading thereafter. A second constant power source drives the bulb via an output side chopper coupled to a storage capacitor and inductor, maintaining larger DC/smaller AC operation while reducing harmonics. The operational voltage applied to the load has a large DC component and a smaller AC component, thereby reducing electrophoresis effects. The constant power sources can be adjustable manually or automatically, for dimming control.