Abstract: Perovskite materials useful in the manufacture of photovoltaic cells are provided. The perovskite materials have the formula AB?0.5B?0.5X3 or A?0.5A?0.5B?0.5B?0.5X3, wherein A, A?, and A? are organic or inorganic cations, X is a halogen ion, B? is tin, and B? is germanium. Embodiments of the mixed tin and germanium halide perovskite materials possess a direct bandgap within the optimal range of 0.9-1.6 eV and have an optical absorption spectrum that is comparable to the state-of-the-art methylammonium lead iodide perovskites. The perovskite materials provided herein have been formulated to be lead-free.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of inhibiting the catalytic activity of a protein kinase comprising contacting said protein kinase with a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition containing the same, and also provides a method of treating a protein kinase related disorder comprising a step of administering to a patient in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of the compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition containing the same, wherein each substituent in formula (I) is same as defined in the description.

Abstract: The invention provides new pyrrolo-nitrogenous heterocyclic derivatives represented by formula (I) or their salts, the preparation thereof, pharmaceutical compositions containing such derivatives and the use of such derivatives as therapeutic agents, especially as protein kinase inhibitors, wherein each substituent in formula (I) is same as defined in the description.

Abstract: The invention provides new pyrrolo-nitrogenous heterocyclic derivatives represented by formula (I) or their salts, the preparation thereof, pharmaceutical compositions containing such derivatives and the use of such derivatives as therapeutic agents, especially as protein kinase inhibitors, wherein each substituent in formula (I) is same as defined in the description.