Abstract: A pore-filled ion exchange polyelectrolyte composite membrane from which the surface ion exchange polyelectrolyte has been removed and a method of manufacturing the same are provided. The ion exchange polyelectrolyte composite membrane exhibits low film resistance and low in-plane-direction swelling degree, and has a smaller film-thickness than a commercial film, and thus, can be used for various purposes. In addition, since the pore-filled ion exchange polyelectrolyte composite membrane is continuously manufactured through a roll-to-roll process, the manufacturing process is simple, and manufacturing costs can be greatly reduced.

Abstract: Provided an electrode for a rechargeable lithium battery and a rechargeable lithium battery including the same, the electrode including a current collector and a first active material layer disposed on the current collector and including a first active material, and a second active material layer disposed on the first active material layer and including a second active material, wherein a porosity of the first active material layer is 8% to 12% and a porosity of the second active material layer is 16% to 22%.

Abstract: A software package, a gateway for transmitting the same, and a software update method using the same are provided. A software package includes a binary file, a configuration file, and a hash file. The binary file includes read-only memory (ROM) data of a target controller. A management server generates the configuration file by combining a hash value obtained by hashing the binary file with meta information indicating an update procedure between a gateway and the target controller. The management server generates the hash file by hashing the configuration file. The gateway receives the software package and extract the binary file and the configuration file. The gateway transmits the binary file to the target controller according to the update procedure indicated by the meta information.

Abstract: A vehicular software update system for remotely performing a software update of a vehicle and a method thereof are provided. The vehicular software update system includes a management controller installed in a vehicle and a server that performs a remote software update in cooperation with the management controller. The management controller controls the vehicle to start in response to receiving a request for the remote software update from the server, downloads software for update from the server after controlling the vehicle to start, transmits the downloaded software for update to a performance controller in the background, determines whether the transmission of the software for update in the background is completed based on the vehicle being turned off, and performs a software update of the performance controller using the software for update based on the transmission of the software for update in the background being completed.

Abstract: A vehicular software update system includes a management controller coupled to a vehicle and at least one performance controller that receives software for over-the-air (OTA) update in the background from the management controller. The management controller determines a network load of the vehicle and adjusts a transmission speed of the software for OTA update, the software being transmitted to the at least one performance controller, based on a driving state of the vehicle and the network load of the vehicle.

Abstract: A control method for driving series mode of a hybrid vehicle is suitable for a four-wheel drive powertrain of a hybrid vehicle and can further improve a charging efficiency by implementing a second series mode, in which a vehicle is driven by a second motor for driving rear wheels, which is employed for a four-wheel drive powertrain of a hybrid vehicle, and an energy storage device is charged by power generation operation of a first motor connected to an engine through an engine clutch, beside a first series mode in which a vehicle is driven by the first motor and the energy storage device is charged by power generation operation of a third motor directly connected to the engine so that the first series mode or the second series mode may be selected in accordance with driver request power and charge power for the energy storage device.

Abstract: Disclosed are a lithium-air battery including a redox mediator in an electrolyte and having a protective layer on an anode, and a method of manufacturing the same. The lithium-air battery includes an anode including a lithium metal, a protective layer positioned on the anode and including lithium fluoride (LiF), a cathode, and an electrolyte positioned between the protective layer and the cathode. Particularly, the electrolyte includes a halogen ion (X?) which is a redox mediator.

Abstract: There is provided a method performed by a system for obtaining a relative location of an anchor-free UWB-based node. The method includes obtaining relative distances between a plurality of nodes based on UWB sensor values between the nodes, constructing a relative coordinate system having a center node of the plurality of nodes as a base, and calculating coordinate values of other nodes in the relative coordinate system. The constructing of the relative coordinate system having the center node of the plurality of nodes as a base includes constructing the relative coordinate system based on a relative distance between the center node and another node and absolute values of y axis values.

Abstract: A unit cell including a thermochromic polymer and a defect detection method using the same are disclosed. Preferably, the unit cell includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, wherein the separator includes a thermochromic polymer configured such that the color of the thermochromic polymer changes depending on temperature, whereby the unit cell is easily checked to indicate a short circuit, as well as damage to or defects of the separator.

Abstract: An electrode assembly and a secondary battery including the same are provided. The electrode assembly includes an electrode stack, in which electrodes and a separator are alternately stacked to be wound, and a temperature difference compensating member disposed at a winding center of the electrode stack such that a temperature difference between a winding outer shell and a winding center of the electrode stack is reduced. The temperature difference compensating member includes a phase change material.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are an apparatus and a method for estimating the behavior of a user based on an image converted from sensing data. The apparatus for estimating the behavior of a user based on an image converted from sensing data includes memory for storing at least one program, and a processor for executing the program, wherein the program performs acquiring sensing data measured by one or more behavior measurement devices worn by the user, converting sensing data of the user obtained for a predetermined time period into images, and estimating the behavior of the user from the images of the user based on a pre-trained model.

Abstract: A swelling tape including a base layer and an adhesive swelling is provided. The adhesive swelling layer contains a water-based self-healing binder. An electrode assembly in which the swelling tape is attached to an outer circumferential surface thereof, and a secondary battery including the electrode assembly are also provided.

Abstract: Disclosed are a lithium-air battery including a redox mediator in an electrolyte and having a protective layer on an anode, and a method of manufacturing the same. The lithium-air battery includes an anode including a lithium metal, a protective layer positioned on the anode and including lithium fluoride (LiF), a cathode, and an electrolyte positioned between the protective layer and the cathode. Particularly, the electrolyte includes a halogen ion (X?) which is a redox mediator.

Abstract: A cylindrical secondary battery includes a jelly-roll type electrode assembly having a structure in which a long sheet type positive electrode and a long sheet type negative electrode are wound with a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. The cylindrical secondary battery also includes a cylindrical battery case configured to receive the jelly-roll type electrode assembly, and a piezoelectric element configured to generate electrical energy due to the volumetric expansion of the jelly-roll type electrode assembly caused by charging and discharging the jelly-roll type electrode assembly.

Abstract: A walking analysis method includes measuring impacts due to floor landing occurring during walking; identifying an impact section before floor landing, a free fall section, and an impact peak section by floor landing in an impact graph over time; analyzing at least one impact-related parameter for the impact section before floor landing, the free fall section, and the impact peak section by floor landing; and determining a walking-related accident type according to a result of analyzing the at least one impact-related parameter. Accordingly, by classifying and detecting a variety of accidents that may actually occur, the main walking characteristics that are dangerous in the actual accident can be extracted.

Abstract: A walking analysis method includes measuring impacts due to floor landing occurring during walking; identifying an impact section before floor landing, a free fall section, and an impact peak section by floor landing in an impact graph over time; analyzing at least one impact-related parameter for the impact section before floor landing, the free fall section, and the impact peak section by floor landing; and determining a walking-related accident type according to a result of analyzing the at least one impact-related parameter. Accordingly, by classifying and detecting a variety of accidents that may actually occur, the main walking characteristics that are dangerous in the actual accident can be extracted.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a secondary battery including: a can having an opening in which an electrode assembly and an electrolyte are accommodated; a cap assembly mounted on the opening of the can; and a safety assembly disposed between the electrode assembly and the cap assembly and including a first fire extinguishing member that is configured to be scattered into the electrolyte when the electrode assembly experiences an increase in temperature to suppress the increase in temperature of the electrode assembly.

Abstract: A cylindrical secondary battery includes a jelly-roll type electrode assembly having a structure in which a long sheet type positive electrode and a long sheet type negative electrode are wound with a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. The cylindrical secondary battery also includes a cylindrical battery case configured to receive the jelly-roll type electrode assembly, and a piezoelectric element configured to generate electrical energy due to the volumetric expansion of the jelly-roll type electrode assembly caused by charging and discharging the jelly-roll type electrode assembly.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a secondary battery including: a can having an opening in which an electrode assembly and an electrolyte are accommodated; a cap assembly mounted on the opening of the can; and a safety assembly disposed between the electrode assembly and the cap assembly and including a first fire extinguishing member that is configured to be scattered into the electrolyte when the electrode assembly experiences an increase in temperature to suppress the increase in temperature of the electrode assembly.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling a transmission signal for a disaster scene communication system. The method includes determining a type of a transmission message transmitted to a mobile terminal device by a control terminal device of the disaster scene communication system, determining a criticality level of the transmission message corresponding to the type of the transmission message, determining an initial distance between the control terminal device and the mobile terminal device by checking initial location information of the mobile terminal device, setting an initial transmission power in consideration of the criticality level of the transmission message corresponding to the type of the transmission message and the initial distance between the mobile terminal device and the control terminal device, and controlling a current transmission power based on the initial transmission power.