Abstract: A holding frame assembly has a main frame, an outer frame, a gap, and multiple elastic members. The main frame is rectangular in shape and has two lateral main frame rods, two longitudinal main frame rods, four L-shaped connection elements, and multiple main frame securing fasteners. The L-shaped connection elements are disposed respectively at four connected portions of the lateral main frame rods and the longitudinal main frame rods to connect the main frame rods together by the main frame securing fasteners. The outer frame is mounted around the main frame by multiple outer frame fasteners and is composed of two lateral outer frame rods and two longitudinal outer frame rods. The gap is defined between the outer frame and the main frame. The elastic members are disposed between the main frame and the outer frame and are connected with the main frame.

Abstract: A holding frame assembly has a main frame, an outer frame, a gap, and multiple elastic members. The main frame is rectangular in shape and has two lateral main frame rods, two longitudinal main frame rods, four L-shaped connection elements, and multiple main frame securing fasteners. The L-shaped connection elements are disposed respectively at four connected portions of the lateral main frame rods and the longitudinal main frame rods to connect the main frame rods together by the main frame securing fasteners. The outer frame is mounted around the main frame by multiple outer frame fasteners and is composed of two lateral outer frame rods and two longitudinal outer frame rods. The gap is defined between the outer frame and the main frame. The elastic members are disposed between the main frame and the outer frame and are connected with the main frame.

Abstract: A sheet of piezoelectric material is configured in a chip card; alternating current (AC) is generated through bending the piezoelectric material back and forth, the alternating current (AC) is then rectified into direct current (DC) to energize the chip card display system to display stored information.

Abstract: A light emitting element driver composed of two transistors, one ground resistor, one inductance and a single capacitor is arranged to drive an LED with a supplied voltage as low as about 0.92 V. The transistors include an NPN transistor and a PNP transistor, the base of the PNP transistor being connected to the ground resistor and the base of the NPN transistor being connected to the collector of the PNP transistor, with the capacitor being connected between the base of the PNP transistor and the node connecting the collector of the NPN transistor to the inductance and to the LED.

Abstract: A light emitting element driver composed of two transistors, one ground resistor, one inductance and one capacitor is disclosed, and it can drive a LED with a supplied voltage as low as about 0.92 V.