Abstract: The present disclosure provides a system and method for monitoring diesel vehicle emissions based on big data of remote sensing. The monitoring system includes a vehicle remote sensing data monitoring platform, a host computer, an emission remote sensing instrument, a vehicle driving state monitor, an information display screen and a license plate camera. The emission remote sensing instrument is used to acquire information of a pollutant in an exhaust plume. The vehicle driving state monitor is used to acquire a vehicle speed and acceleration. The license plate camera is used to capture license plate information. The host computer is used to process and calculate vehicle cycle and emission information. The vehicle remote sensing data monitoring platform is used to determine a high-emission vehicle, and pre-store information of all diesel vehicles, different driving cycle bins of each type of diesel vehicles and high-emission thresholds set for different bins.